家庭社会经济地位与青少年亲社会行为的关系：链式中介效应及独生状况差异

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2025.01.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用家庭社会经济地位量表、亲子依恋量表、自尊量表以及青少年亲社会行为量表，对1004名青少年进行调查，探讨了家庭社会经济地位与青少年亲社会行为的关系、作用机制及其在独生与非独生群体间的差异。结果表明：(1)家庭社会经济地位与青少年亲社会行为显著正相关；(2)家庭社会经济地位对青少年亲社会行为的影响是通过亲子依恋和自尊的单独中介作用以及这两者联合形成的链式中介作用间接实现的；(3)上述中介模型存在显著的独生状况差异，亲子依恋和自尊的单独中介及链式中介作用在非独生群体中显著，且自尊的单独中介占比最高，而独生群体则是通过亲子依恋的独立中介起作用。

关键词: 家庭社会经济地位, 亲社会行为, 亲子依恋, 自尊

Abstract:

A study was conducted on 1004 adolescents using the Family Socioeconomic Status Scale, Parent-Child Attachment Scale, Self-Esteem Scale, and Adolescent Prosocial Behavior Scale. The research examined the relationship between family socioeconomic status (SES) and adolescent prosocial behavior, exploring its underlying mechanisms and differences between only children and those with siblings. The results showed that: 1) SES was significantly positively correlated with adolescents’ prosocial behavior; 2) the impact of SES on adolescents’ prosocial behavior was mediated by parent-child attachment and self-esteem through independent and chain mediation pathways; 3) mediation models varied by only-child status. Among adolescents with siblings, all three mediation pathways (parent-child attachment, self-esteem, and their combined chain mediation) were significant, with self-esteem being the strongest mediator. However, for only children, parent-child attachment was the sole significant mediator.

Key words: family socioeconomic status, prosocial behavior, parent-child attachment, self-esteem

罗鹤旋, 朱海东, 邱鑫. 家庭社会经济地位与青少年亲社会行为的关系：链式中介效应及独生状况差异[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2025, 23(1): 130-137.

Hexuan LUO, Haidong ZHU, Xin QIU. The Relationship Between Family Socioeconomic Status and Prosocial Behavior of Adolescents: The Chain Mediating Effect and Differences of Only-Child Status[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2025, 23(1): 130-137.

图/表 5

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	M±SD	1	2	3	4	5	6
1.性别
2.年龄	14.90±1.59	0.00
3.独生状况		−0.08^*	−0.02
4.家庭社会经济地位	0.00±3.00	0.05	−0.24^**	−0.33^**
5.亲子依恋	3.76±0.72	0.09^**	−0.12^**	−0.03	0.16^**
6.自尊	2.87±0.60	0.07^*	−0.09^**	−0.11^**	0.22^**	0.48^**
7.亲社会行为	5.69±0.85	−0.02	−0.22^**	0.00	0.13^**	0.37^**	0.32^**

	M±SD	1	2	3	4	5	6
1.性别
2.年龄	14.90±1.59	0.00
3.独生状况		−0.08^*	−0.02
4.家庭社会经济地位	0.00±3.00	0.05	−0.24^**	−0.33^**
5.亲子依恋	3.76±0.72	0.09^**	−0.12^**	−0.03	0.16^**
6.自尊	2.87±0.60	0.07^*	−0.09^**	−0.11^**	0.22^**	0.48^**
7.亲社会行为	5.69±0.85	−0.02	−0.22^**	0.00	0.13^**	0.37^**	0.32^**

Model	χ²	df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR
M_独生	140.66	49	0.97	0.96	0.07	0.05
M_非独生	191.66	49	0.96	0.95	0.07	0.06
M₁	332.33	98	0.96	0.95	0.05	0.05
M₂	345.37	104	0.96	0.95	0.05	0.06

Model	χ²	df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR
M_独生	140.66	49	0.97	0.96	0.07	0.05
M_非独生	191.66	49	0.96	0.95	0.07	0.06
M₁	332.33	98	0.96	0.95	0.05	0.05
M₂	345.37	104	0.96	0.95	0.05	0.06

路径	独生			非独生
路径	效应值	95%置信区间	效果量	效应值	95%置信区间	效果量
SES→PA→PB	0.027^**	[0.015, 0.046]	0.71	0.007^**	[0.002, 0.017]	0.41
SES→SE→PB	0.002	[0.000, 0.009]		0.010^**	[0.004, 0.019]	0.59
SES→PA→SE→PB	0.003	[−0.001, 0.009]		0.004^**	[0.002, 0.009]	0.24