“见贤思齐”还是“自惭形秽”？学业比较与中学生学习内生动机的纵向追踪研究

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2025.03.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

考察学业比较与中学生学习内生动机的关系及学段、性别差异。研究采用社会比较倾向量表和学习动机量表对2330名中学生进行间隔6个月的两阶段纵向追踪问卷调查，并采用二元交叉滞后回归分析法对数据进行分析。结果发现：(1)学业比较与中学生学习内生动机的即时性相关和继时性相关显著；(2)学习内生动机可以显著正向预测上行比较；下行比较与学习内生动机呈显著负向相互预测关系；(3)相较于高中生，学业比较与学习内生动机间的关系在初中生中更为显著；相较于男生，两者的关系在女生中更为显著。

关键词: 学业比较, 学习内生动机, 中学生, 交叉滞后

Abstract:

To investigate the relationship and differences by grade and gender between academic comparison and learning intrinsic motivation among middle school students, Social Comparison Scale and Learning Motivation Scale were used to investigate 2330 middle school students through a two-stage longitudinal follow-up questionnaire with a six-month interval. The data were analyzed using binary cross-lagged regression analysis. The results showed that: 1) there was a significant correlation between academic comparison and learning intrinsic motivation among middle school students; 2) learning intrinsic motivation significantly predicted upward comparison, while downward comparison and learning intrinsic motivation negatively predicted each other over time; 3) the relationship between academic comparison and learning intrinsic motivation was more pronounced among junior students compared to senior students, and more significant in girls than in boys.

Key words: academic comparison, learning intrinsic motivation, middle school students, cross-lagged analysis

万娇娇, 李玲, 纪莉莉, 赵俊峰. “见贤思齐”还是“自惭形秽”？学业比较与中学生学习内生动机的纵向追踪研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2025, 23(3): 338-345.

Jiaojiao WAN, Ling LI, Lili JI, Junfeng ZHAO. Do We Strive to Emulate the Best or Feel Ashamed of Ourselves? A Longitudinal Study on Academic Comparison and Learning Intrinsic Motivation Among Middle School Students[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2025, 23(3): 338-345.

图/表 6

参考文献 0

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	M±SD	1	2	3	4	5	6
1.上行比较T1	3.23±0.83
2.下行比较T1	2.14±0.85	0.07*
3.学习内生动机T1	3.64±0.49	0.32***	−0.14***
4.上行比较T2	3.16±0.86	0.40***	0.13*	0.16***
5.下行比较T2	2.27±0.89	0.09*	0.40***	−0.10***	0.17***
6.学习内生动机T2	3.50±0.61	0.16***	−0.13***	0.40***	0.36***	−0.13***
7.学习成绩	2.76±1.27	−0.17***	0.15***	−0.19***	−0.14***	0.18***	−0.17***

	M±SD	1	2	3	4	5	6
1.上行比较T1	3.23±0.83
2.下行比较T1	2.14±0.85	0.07*
3.学习内生动机T1	3.64±0.49	0.32***	−0.14***
4.上行比较T2	3.16±0.86	0.40***	0.13*	0.16***
5.下行比较T2	2.27±0.89	0.09*	0.40***	−0.10***	0.17***
6.学习内生动机T2	3.50±0.61	0.16***	−0.13***	0.40***	0.36***	−0.13***
7.学习成绩	2.76±1.27	−0.17***	0.15***	−0.19***	−0.14***	0.18***	−0.17***

变量	模型	χ²	df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR	模型比较	ΔCFI	ΔTLI
上行比较	M1	493.788	47	0.930	0.901	0.082	0.036
	M2	511.034	52	0.928	0.908	0.079	0.040	M2 vs. M1	0.002	0.007
	M3	532.824	57	0.925	0.913	0.077	0.041	M3 vs. M2	0.003	0.005
	M4	619.790	63	0.912	0.908	0.079	0.053	M4 vs. M3	0.013	0.005
下行比较	M1	238.106	47	0.981	0.973	0.054	0.023
	M2	248.240	52	0.980	0.975	0.052	0.026	M2 vs. M1	0.001	0.002
	M3	268.962	57	0.979	0.975	0.051	0.027	M3 vs. M2	0.001	0.000
	M4	338.786	63	0.972	0.971	0.056	0.032	M4 vs. M3	0.002	0.004
学习内生动机	M1	2130.922	335	0.804	0.779	0.062	0.059
	M2	2265.656	348	0.801	0.773	0.063	0.064	M2 vs. M1	0.003	0.005
	M3	2643.352	361	0.751	0.740	0.067	0.072	M3 vs. M2	0.040	0.004
	M4	2752.116	375	0.741	0.739	0.067	0.077	M4 vs. M3	0.010	0.001

变量	模型	χ²	df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR	模型比较	ΔCFI	ΔTLI
上行比较	M1	493.788	47	0.930	0.901	0.082	0.036
	M2	511.034	52	0.928	0.908	0.079	0.040	M2 vs. M1	0.002	0.007
	M3	532.824	57	0.925	0.913	0.077	0.041	M3 vs. M2	0.003	0.005
	M4	619.790	63	0.912	0.908	0.079	0.053	M4 vs. M3	0.013	0.005
下行比较	M1	238.106	47	0.981	0.973	0.054	0.023
	M2	248.240	52	0.980	0.975	0.052	0.026	M2 vs. M1	0.001	0.002
	M3	268.962	57	0.979	0.975	0.051	0.027	M3 vs. M2	0.001	0.000
	M4	338.786	63	0.972	0.971	0.056	0.032	M4 vs. M3	0.002	0.004
学习内生动机	M1	2130.922	335	0.804	0.779	0.062	0.059
	M2	2265.656	348	0.801	0.773	0.063	0.064	M2 vs. M1	0.003	0.005
	M3	2643.352	361	0.751	0.740	0.067	0.072	M3 vs. M2	0.040	0.004
	M4	2752.116	375	0.741	0.739	0.067	0.077	M4 vs. M3	0.010	0.001

	模型拟合指数						模型比较
	χ²	df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR		Δχ²	Δdf	p
M1	117.307	18	0.959	0.918	0.061	0.045
M2	110.510	16	0.961	0.913	0.063	0.044	M2 vs. M1	6.796	2	0.033
M3	106.920	16	0.963	0.916	0.062	0.044	M3 vs. M1	10.387	2	0.006
M4	99.492	15	0.965	0.920	0.064	0.042	M4 vs. M1	17.815	3	0.001
							M4 vs. M2	11.018	1	0.004
							M4 vs. M3	7.428	1	0.024