汉字位置加工的词边界效应

心理与行为研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (2): 193-199.

汉字位置加工的词边界效应

顾俊娟¹, 高志华¹, 屈青青^2,3

1. 华北理工大学心理学院，唐山 063210;
2. 中国科学院心理研究所，中国科学院行为科学重点实验室，北京 100101;
3. 中国科学院大学心理学系，北京 100049

收稿日期:2019-10-23 出版日期:2020-03-20 发布日期:2020-06-08
通讯作者: 顾俊娟
基金资助:
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目（16YJC190005）；国家自然科学基金青年项目（31900759）

The Word Boundary Effect of Chinese Character Position Processing

GU Junjuan¹, GAO Zhihua¹, QU Qingqing^2,3

1. College of Psychology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210;
2. Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101;
3. Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2019-10-23 Online:2020-03-20 Published:2020-06-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨汉字位置加工是否存在词边界效应，本研究采用掩蔽启动词汇决定任务和眼动追踪技术，通过2个实验考察了跨词边界和词内汉字转置对词汇识别的影响。实验均以四字词和两个双字词为靶子，对中间两个字进行操纵（转置或保持不变）。结果发现：靶子的注视时间（反应时）在跨词边界转置条件显著长于相同条件，在词内转置条件与相同条件差异不显著。结果表明：跨词边界汉字转置干扰词汇识别，汉字位置加工存在词边界效应。词切分的开始时间可能早于汉字位置加工，或二者是同时发生的。

关键词: 汉字位置, 词边界, 词切分, 中文阅读, 眼动

Abstract: In the present study, we endeavored to explore whether the word boundary affects Chinese character position processing in Chinese. We used four-character words (the one-word condition) and two two-character words (the two-word condition) as our targets. In Experiment 1, we used the masked priming paradigm. In Experiment 2, we embedded the targets into sentences and manipulated the displays of the targets. The display was either identical to the target word (identity condition) or had the two middle characters of the target word transposed (TC condition). The reaction times (RTs) and fixation durations on the targets in the TC condition were much longer than those in the identity condition for the two-word condition but were not significantly different for the one-word condition. These results indicate that transposing two characters across word boundaries inhibits word recognition, and the word boundary effect exists in character position processing. Word segmentation occurs at a very early stage of word recognition, before or coinciding with the character position processing.

Key words: character position, word boundaries, word segmentation, Chinese reading, eye movement

中图分类号:

B842

顾俊娟, 高志华, 屈青青. 汉字位置加工的词边界效应[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(2): 193-199.

GU Junjuan, GAO Zhihua, QU Qingqing. The Word Boundary Effect of Chinese Character Position Processing[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2020, 18(2): 193-199.

参考文献

邓耀臣, 冯志伟. (2013). 词汇长度与词汇频数关系的计量语言学研究. 外国语, 36(3), 29-39
滑慧敏, 顾俊娟, 林楠, 李兴珊. (2017). 视觉词汇识别中的字符位置编码. 心理科学进展, 25(7), 1132-1138
李兴珊, 刘萍萍, 马国杰. (2011). 中文阅读中词切分的认知机理述评. 心理科学进展, 19(4), 459-470
Bai, X. J., Yan, G. L., Liversedge, S. P., Zang, C. L., & Rayner, K. (2008). Reading spaced and unspaced Chinese text: Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 34(5), 1277-1287, doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.34.5.1277.
Beyersmann, E., Coltheart, M., & Castles, A. (2012). Parallel processing of whole words and morphemes in visual word recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 65(9), 1798-1819, doi: 10.1080/17470218.2012.672437.
Blythe, H. I., Johnson, R. L., Liversedge, S. P., & Rayner, K. (2014). Reading transposed text: Effects of transposed letter distance and consonant-vowel status on eye movements. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 76(8), 2424-2440.
Christianson, K., Johnson, R. L., & Rayner, K. (2005). Letter transpositions within and across morphemes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31(6), 1327-1339, doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.31.6.1327.
Duñabeitia, J. A., Perea, M., & Carreiras, M. (2007). Do transposed-letter similarity effects occur at a morpheme level? Evidence for morpho-orthographic decomposition. Cognition, 105(3), 691-703, doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2006.12.001.
Gomez, P., Ratcliff, R., & Perea, M. (2008). The overlap model: A model of letter position coding. Psychological Review, 115(3), 577-600, doi: 10.1037/a0012667.
Gu, J. J., & Li, X. S. (2015). The effects of character transposition within and across words in Chinese reading. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 77(1), 272-281.
Gu, J. J., Li, X. S., & Liversedge, S. P. (2015). Character order processing in Chinese reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 41(1), 127-137, doi: 10.1037/a0038639.
Henderson, J. M., & Ferreira, F. (1990). Effects of foveal processing difficulty on the perceptual span in reading: Implications for attention and eye movement control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16(3), 417-429, doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.16.3.417.
Johnson, R. L., & Dunne, M. D. (2012). Parafoveal processing of transposed-letter words and nonwords: Evidence against parafoveal lexical activation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38(1), 191-212, doi: 10.1037/a0025983.
Johnson, R. L., & Eisler, M. E. (2012). The importance of the first and last letter in words during sentence reading. Acta Psychologica, 141(3), 336-351, doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.09.013.
Li, X. S., & Ma, G. J. (2012). Word boundaries affect visual attention in Chinese reading. PLoS One, 7(11), e48905, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048905.
Li, X. S., Gu, J. J., Liu, P. P., & Rayner, K. (2013). The advantage of word-based processing in Chinese reading: Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 39(3), 879-889, doi: 10.1037/a0030337.
Li, X. S., Rayner, K., & Cave, K. R. (2009). On the segmentation of Chinese words during reading. Cognitive Psychology, 58(4), 525-552, doi: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2009.02.003.
Ma, G. J., Pollatsek, A., Li, Y. G., & Li, X. S. (2017). Chinese readers can perceive a word even when it’s composed of noncontiguous characters. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 43(1), 158-166, doi: 10.1037/xlm0000298.
Masserang, K. M., & Pollatsek, A. (2012). Transposed letter effects in prefixed words: Implications for morphological decomposition. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 24(4), 476-495, doi: 10.1080/20445911.2012.658037.
Pagán, A., Blythe, H. I., & Liversedge, S. P. (2016). Parafoveal preprocessing of word initial trigrams during reading in adults and children. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 42(3), 411-432, doi: 10.1037/xlm0000175.
Perea, M., & Lupker, S. J. (2003). Transposed-letter confusability effects in masked form priming. In S. Kinoshita & S. J. Lupker (Eds.), Masked priming: The state of the art (pp. 97-120). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
Perea, M., Marcet, A., & Gómez, P. (2016). How do Scrabble players encode letter position during reading? Psicothema, 28(1), 7-12.
White, S., Johnson, R. L., Liversedge, S., & Rayner, K. (2008). Eye movements when reading transposed text: The importance of word beginning letters. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 34(5), 1261-1276, doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.34.5.1261.
Zang, C. L., Fu, Y., Bai, X. J., Yan, G. L., & Liversedge, S. P. (2018). Investigating word length effects in Chinese reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 44(12), 1831-1841, doi: 10.1037/xhp0000589.

[1]	贾宁, 容丽卓, 代景华. 社会性线索对内隐和外显元认知监控的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(5): 593-599.
[2]	李士一, 谢岩枫, 赵光, 白学军. 媒体多任务经验对不同注意模式下内隐记忆的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(4): 433-440.
[3]	张慢慢, 胡惠兰, 边菡, 李芳, 张志超, 臧传丽. 中文阅读中快速读者与慢速读者的词频效应[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(3): 304-310.
[4]	梁菲菲, 向颖, 龙梦灵. 首词素位置概率信息未参与汉语阅读的词切分：基于副中央凹加工的证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(3): 318-324.
[5]	何立媛, 赵星, 白玉, 刘妮娜. 汉语老年读者的多词单元加工：来自眼动研究的证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(2): 160-166.
[6]	秦钊, 王影超, 叶佳滢, 袁小源, 闫国利. 聋人句子阅读中的视觉功能补偿现象：副中央凹−中央凹效应的证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(2): 167-173.
[7]	顾俊娟, 高志华, 马绍扬. 嵌套词汉字位置加工的亚词边界效应[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(1): 1-7.
[8]	赵赛男, 李琳, 张俐娟, 王敬欣. 汉语阅读中高限制性语境对不可预测词加工的影响：眼动研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(6): 736-742.
[9]	梁菲菲, 向颖, 武浩, 韩洋. 汉语发展性阅读障碍小学生词边界划分的发展研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(6): 757-763.
[10]	刘璐, 姜雅梅, 张巧明, 李诸洋. 义符位置与语义透明度对形声字语义激活的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(5): 585-591.
[11]	李赛男, 闫国利, 王亚丽, 刘敏, 赵淑萍. 一年级小学生阅读知觉广度的眼动研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(5): 606-611.
[12]	罗雨娇, 王永胜, 何立媛, 李馨. 语境背景线索和词切分线索对留学生新词学习的作用：来自眼动的证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(5): 714-720.
[13]	张苏媛, 兰泽波, 张水, 孟珠, 闫国利. 无关言语对一年级小学生阅读影响的眼动研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(4): 433-438,446.
[14]	高晓雷, 沈梦, 任晓飞, 白学军, 高蕾. 高、低汉语水平藏–汉读者汉语阅读知觉广度及预视效应[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(3): 297-303,333.
[15]	贺斐, 梁菲菲, 白学军. 汉语阅读伴随词汇学习的形旁类别一致性效应[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(3): 304-311.