儿童社交自我知觉与情绪适应问题的关系：回避应对策略和社交敏感性的作用

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨儿童社交自我知觉和情绪适应问题的关系，本研究构建了一个有调节的中介模型。采用自我报告的方式对上海地区4～6年级共575名被试进行测查，结果显示：(1)社交自我知觉可以负向预测抑郁和社交焦虑；(2)回避应对策略在社交自我知觉与抑郁和社交焦虑的关系中起部分中介作用；(3)社交敏感性调节了社交自我知觉通过回避应对策略影响抑郁和社交焦虑的前半路径，社交自我知觉对回避应对策略的预测作用仅在高社交敏感性儿童身上显著。研究结果不仅可以为低社交自我知觉个体的情绪适应问题提供新的解释，还在引导个体心理干预方面具有启示意义。

关键词: 社交自我知觉, 抑郁, 社交焦虑, 回避应对策略, 社交敏感性

Abstract:

The goal of the present study was to explore the relations between self-perceived social competence, depression, social anxiety, avoidant coping strategies and social sensitivity among children in China. Participants were 575 children attending elementary schools and middle schools from grades 4 to grades 6. Results showed that: 1) self-perceived social competence negatively predicted depression and social anxiety; 2) avoidant coping strategies partially mediated the relations between self-perceived social competence and depression, and social anxiety; 3) social sensitivity moderated the mediating path through avoidant coping strategies. The results not only provide an explanation for mental health problems of individuals who are low in self-perceived social competence, but also have enlightenment for individual adaptation and intervention.

Key words: self-perceived social competence, depression, social anxiety, avoidant coping strategies, social sensitivity

中图分类号:

B844

张思敏, 董亓易如, 陈飞, 阿尔升•海达别克, 丁雪辰, 朱仲敏. 儿童社交自我知觉与情绪适应问题的关系：回避应对策略和社交敏感性的作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(3): 336-343.

Simin ZHANG, Qiyiru DONG, Fei CHEN, Aersheng HAIDABIEKE, Xuechen DING, Zhongmin ZHU. Relations Between Self-Perceived Social Competence and Emotional Problems in Chinese Children: Role of Avoidant Coping Strategy and Social Sensitivity[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2023, 21(3): 336-343.

图/表 6

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变量	M	SD	1	2	3	4
1.社交自我知觉	3.89	0.78
2.社交敏感性	2.93	0.94	−0.03
3.回避应对策略	2.41	0.71	−0.18***	0.21***
4.抑郁	1.39	0.31	−0.54***	0.09*	0.34***
5.社交焦虑	2.40	0.80	−0.28***	0.46***	0.40***	0.37***

变量	M	SD	1	2	3	4
1.社交自我知觉	3.89	0.78
2.社交敏感性	2.93	0.94	−0.03
3.回避应对策略	2.41	0.71	−0.18***	0.21***
4.抑郁	1.39	0.31	−0.54***	0.09*	0.34***
5.社交焦虑	2.40	0.80	−0.28***	0.46***	0.40***	0.37***

中介路径	中介效应值	95%CI
社交自我知觉→回避应对策略→抑郁	−0.04	[−0.07, −0.02]
社交自我知觉→回避应对策略→社交焦虑	−0.06	[−0.11, −0.03]

中介路径	中介效应值	95%CI
社交自我知觉→回避应对策略→抑郁	−0.04	[−0.07, −0.02]
社交自我知觉→回避应对策略→社交焦虑	−0.06	[−0.11, −0.03]

	因变量：回避应对策略			因变量：抑郁
	β	t	95%CI	β	t	95%CI
性别	−0.05	−1.28	[−0.27, 0.06]	−0.05	−1.42	[−0.23, 0.04]
年龄	0.14	−3.43***	[−0.16, −0.04]	−0.04	−0.17	[−0.08, 0.02]
社交自我知觉	−0.15	−3.53***	[−0.23, −0.07]	−0.48	−13.66***	[−0.55，−0.41]
社交敏感性	0.20	4.88***	[0.12, 0.28]
交互项	−0.09	−2.46*	[−0.16, −0.02]
回避应对策略				0.25	7.28***	[0.18, 0.32]
F		12.14***			74.15***
R²		0.10			0.36