父母心理控制与儿童学业焦虑的关系：未来取向和父母学业参与的作用

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究以山东省7所小学4～6年级的5164名儿童为被试，采用问卷法探讨了父母心理控制、未来取向、父母学业参与与儿童学业焦虑的关系。结果显示：(1)父母心理控制显著负向预测儿童的未来取向，显著正向预测儿童学业焦虑；(2)儿童未来取向在父母心理控制与儿童学业焦虑间起部分中介作用；(3)父母学业参与在父母心理控制与儿童学业焦虑间起调节作用。结果表明，父母心理控制会增加儿童的学业焦虑，而增加儿童的未来取向和提升父母学业参与能够有效降低儿童的学业焦虑。

关键词: 父母心理控制, 未来取向, 父母学业参与, 儿童学业焦虑

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between parental psychological control, future orientation, parental academic involvement and academic anxiety among children. A sample of 5164 children in grades 4 to 6 from 7 primary schools of Shandong Province completed anonymous questionnaires. After controlling for age, only child and gender, the results showed that: 1) Parental psychological control could negatively predict future orientation and positively predict children’s academic anxiety. 2) The relation between parental psychological control and children’s academic anxiety was mediated by future orientation. 3) The effect of parental psychological control on children’s academic anxiety was moderated by parental academic involvement. These results indicate that parental psychological control decreases the future orientation of children and thus increases children’s academic anxiety, whereas parental academic involvement reduces the negative effects of parental psychological control on children’s academic anxiety.

Key words: parental psychological control, future orientation, parental academic involvement, children’s academic anxiety

中图分类号:

B844

李甜甜, 顾吉有. 父母心理控制与儿童学业焦虑的关系：未来取向和父母学业参与的作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(3): 359-366.

Tiantian LI, Jiyou GU. The Relationship Between Parental Psychological Control and Children’s Academic Anxiety: The Role of Future Orientation and Parental Academic Involvement[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2023, 21(3): 359-366.

图/表 4

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变量	M	SD	1	2	3
1.父母心理控制	2.68	0.81
2.未来取向	3.46	0.59	−0.10**
3.父母学业参与	4.05	0.65	0.02	0.37**
4.儿童学业焦虑	0.46	0.25	0.36**	−0.16**	−0.01

变量	M	SD	1	2	3
1.父母心理控制	2.68	0.81
2.未来取向	3.46	0.59	−0.10**
3.父母学业参与	4.05	0.65	0.02	0.37**
4.儿童学业焦虑	0.46	0.25	0.36**	−0.16**	−0.01

	方程1(效标：儿童学业焦虑)			方程2(效标：未来取向)			方程3(效标：儿童学业焦虑)
	β	SE	t	β	SE	t	β	SE	t
性别	−0.037	0.03	−5.72***	−0.005	0.03	−0.31	−0.037	0.006	−5.87***
是否独生	0.004	0.04	0.39	−0.004	0.04	−0.16	0.004	0.01	0.35
年龄	0.001	0.01	0.39	0.018	0.01	2.32*	0.002	0.003	0.71
父母心理控制	0.114	0.01	28.38***	−0.078	0.01	−8.30***	0.109	0.01	27.30***
父母学业参与	−0.004	0.01	−0.75	0.340	0.01	28.72***	0.018	0.01	3.25**
父母心理控制×父母学业参与	−0.015	0.01	−2.64**	0.010	0.01	0.72	−0.015	0.01	−2.59**
未来取向							−0.059	0.01	−10.10***
未来取向×父母学业参与							0.011	0.01	1.41
R²		0.14			0.15			0.16
R²变化量								0.02
F		137.80***			147.47***			118.16***
F变化量显著性								<0.001

	方程1(效标：儿童学业焦虑)			方程2(效标：未来取向)			方程3(效标：儿童学业焦虑)
	β	SE	t	β	SE	t	β	SE	t
性别	−0.037	0.03	−5.72***	−0.005	0.03	−0.31	−0.037	0.006	−5.87***
是否独生	0.004	0.04	0.39	−0.004	0.04	−0.16	0.004	0.01	0.35
年龄	0.001	0.01	0.39	0.018	0.01	2.32*	0.002	0.003	0.71
父母心理控制	0.114	0.01	28.38***	−0.078	0.01	−8.30***	0.109	0.01	27.30***
父母学业参与	−0.004	0.01	−0.75	0.340	0.01	28.72***	0.018	0.01	3.25**
父母心理控制×父母学业参与	−0.015	0.01	−2.64**	0.010	0.01	0.72	−0.015	0.01	−2.59**
未来取向							−0.059	0.01	−10.10***
未来取向×父母学业参与							0.011	0.01	1.41
R²		0.14			0.15			0.16
R²变化量								0.02
F		137.80***			147.47***			118.16***
F变化量显著性								<0.001

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