严厉管教的代际传递：父母的互倚及子女性别的调节作用

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.01.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于家庭系统理论和互倚理论探讨严厉管教的代际传递在父母间的互倚与子女性别的调节作用，使用问卷法对388对小学生父母进行调查。主客体互倚模型分析的结果显示：(1)父母的主体效应显著，即父亲和母亲的儿时受严厉管教经历均正向预测自己对子女的严厉管教；(2)仅父亲的客体效应显著，即母亲儿时受严厉管教经历正向预测父亲对子女的严厉管教；(3)父母的组合效应显著，即父母亲儿时受严厉管教经历均强化对方代际传递的主体效应；(4)上述部分关系受子女的性别调节，母亲的主体效应在子女是男孩时强于子女是女孩时，仅当子女是女孩时，母亲的组合效应显著。研究发现严厉管教代际传递在父母间呈现非独立互倚模式，且这种代际传递受到子女性别的调节。

关键词: 严厉管教, 代际传递, 主客体互倚模型, 性别差异

Abstract:

Based on the family system theory and interdependent theory, this study examined the parental interdependence and the moderating effect of child’s gender on the intergenerational transmission of harsh discipline. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 388 pairs of school age pupils’ mothers and fathers. Actor-partner interdependence modeling analyses revealed that: 1) The actor associations were significant, that is, mothers and fathers who had more experiences of being harsh disciplined in childhood engaged in more harsh disciplinary behaviors towards their own children. 2) Only fathers’ partner association was significant, that is, mothers’ experiences of being harsh disciplined in childhood predicted fathers’ harsh disciplinary behaviors. 3) The combination effects were also significant, that is, mothers’ and fathers’ actor associations were intensified by his or her partners’ experiences of being harsh disciplined in childhood. 4) Several associations above were moderated by child’s gender. Mothers’ actor association was stronger when their children were boys rather than girls, while mothers’ combination effect was significant only when their children were girls rather than boys. The findings suggest that the intergenerational transmission of harsh discipline within parents is non-independent and is moderated by child’s gender.

Key words: parental harsh discipline, intergenerational transmission, actor-partner interdependence modeling, gender differences

中图分类号:

B844

李祖儿, 侯金芹, 陈祉妍. 严厉管教的代际传递：父母的互倚及子女性别的调节作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(1): 93-99.

Zu’er LI, Jinqin HOU, Zhiyan CHEN. Intergenerational Transmission of Parental Harsh Discipline: Parental Interdependence and the Moderating Effect of Child’s Gender[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(1): 93-99.

图/表 5

图1 严厉管教在父母间代际传递的假设模型

表1 研究变量的描述统计与相关分析结果

变量	M	SD	1	2	3
1.母亲受严厉管教经历	7.20	2.77
2.母亲严厉管教行为	14.20	4.39	0.39***
3.父亲受严厉管教经历	7.30	2.71	0.04	0.05
4.父亲严厉管教行为	13.84	4.19	0.25***	0.36***	0.38***

图2 严厉管教在父母间的代际传递注：虚线表示该路径的系数未达到显著水平；子女性别差异达到显著水平的路径额外报告男生样本和女生样本的路径系数，三个系数分别为总体样本、男生样本、女生样本；出于简洁的需要，未呈现控制变量对因变量的预测路径及响应的系数。

图3 父亲受严厉管教的经历调节母亲对女孩严厉管教的代际传递

图4 母亲受严厉管教的经历调节父亲严厉管教的代际传递

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