心理与行为研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (1): 86-92.DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.01.012
收稿日期:
2023-05-21
出版日期:
2024-01-20
发布日期:
2024-01-20
通讯作者:
陈晓晨
基金资助:
Tiansi LIAO, Yan HUANG, Xiaochen CHEN()
Received:
2023-05-21
Online:
2024-01-20
Published:
2024-01-20
Contact:
Xiaochen CHEN
摘要:
为考察祖孙代际接触与青少年所持有的老年人态度的关系,以及群际焦虑和共情在其中的中介作用,采用祖孙代际接触问卷、语义差异量表、感觉温度计量表、群际焦虑量表和人际反应指数量表对605名初中生进行调查。结果发现:(1)祖孙代际接触显著正向预测青少年对老年人的态度。(2)祖孙代际接触对老年人态度的预测可以分别通过群际焦虑和共情的中介进行;祖孙代际接触还可以通过群际焦虑经共情的链式中介对青少年对老年人的态度起到正向预测作用。研究结果有助于丰富和完善群际接触理论的理论体系,并为改善年轻一代对老年人的态度提供建议。
中图分类号:
廖天嗣, 黄妍, 陈晓晨. 祖孙代际接触与青少年对老年人态度的关系:群际焦虑和共情的链式中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(1): 86-92.
Tiansi LIAO, Yan HUANG, Xiaochen CHEN. Grandparent-Grandchild Intergenerational Contact and Attitudes Toward Older People: The Chain Mediating Effects of Intergroup Anxiety and Empathy[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(1): 86-92.
变量 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
1.接触数量 | ||||||
2.接触质量 | 0.47** | |||||
3.群际焦虑 | −0.33** | −0.27** | ||||
4.共情 | 0.27** | 0.27** | −0.44** | |||
5.刻板印象 | 0.25** | 0.25** | −0.34** | 0.32** | ||
6.积极情感 | 0.28** | 0.29** | −0.37** | 0.37** | 0.35** | |
M | 4.04 | 4.29 | 3.37 | 3.75 | 5.24 | 8.37 |
SD | 1.43 | 0.76 | 1.03 | 0.56 | 1.38 | 2.29 |
表1 主要研究变量的描述统计和相关分析
变量 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
1.接触数量 | ||||||
2.接触质量 | 0.47** | |||||
3.群际焦虑 | −0.33** | −0.27** | ||||
4.共情 | 0.27** | 0.27** | −0.44** | |||
5.刻板印象 | 0.25** | 0.25** | −0.34** | 0.32** | ||
6.积极情感 | 0.28** | 0.29** | −0.37** | 0.37** | 0.35** | |
M | 4.04 | 4.29 | 3.37 | 3.75 | 5.24 | 8.37 |
SD | 1.43 | 0.76 | 1.03 | 0.56 | 1.38 | 2.29 |
路径 | 标准化效应量 | 95% CI |
直接效应 | ||
祖孙代际接触→对老年人态度 | 0.42 | [0.28, 0.55] |
独立中介效应 | ||
祖孙代际接触→群际焦虑→对老年人态度 | 0.13 | [0.08, 0.17] |
祖孙代际接触→共情→对老年人态度 | 0.08 | [0.04, 0.11] |
链式中介效应 | ||
祖孙代际接触→群际焦虑→ 共情→对老年人态度 | 0.04 | [0.02, 0.06] |
总中介效应 | 0.24 | [0.18, 0.30] |
总效应 | 0.66 | [0.54, 0.77] |
表2 祖孙代际接触影响青少年对老年人态度的中介效应Bootstrap检验
路径 | 标准化效应量 | 95% CI |
直接效应 | ||
祖孙代际接触→对老年人态度 | 0.42 | [0.28, 0.55] |
独立中介效应 | ||
祖孙代际接触→群际焦虑→对老年人态度 | 0.13 | [0.08, 0.17] |
祖孙代际接触→共情→对老年人态度 | 0.08 | [0.04, 0.11] |
链式中介效应 | ||
祖孙代际接触→群际焦虑→ 共情→对老年人态度 | 0.04 | [0.02, 0.06] |
总中介效应 | 0.24 | [0.18, 0.30] |
总效应 | 0.66 | [0.54, 0.77] |
陈武英, 刘连启. (2016). 情境对共情的影响. 心理科学进展, 24(1), 91–100. | |
杜华, 胡安妮, 韩江英, 袁芳臻, 陈晨. 护理实习生共情能力培养方案的构建. 中华护理教育, 2022, 19 (5): 426- 431.
DOI |
|
方杰, 温忠麟, 张敏强, 孙配贞. 基于结构方程模型的多重中介效应分析. 心理科学, 2014, 37 (3): 735- 741. | |
管健. 群际焦虑的因果关系模型与影响变量. 西北师大学报(社会科学版), 2017, 54 (4): 104- 111. | |
姜兆萍, 周宗奎. 老年歧视的特点、机制与干预. 心理科学进展, 2012, 20 (10): 1642- 1650. | |
李连友, 李磊, 万叶. (2021). 积极老龄化视角下老年人隔代抚养与社会参与的角色冲突及调适——基于社会角色理论的分析. 行政管理改革, 5(5), 71–78. | |
周浩, 龙立荣. 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法. 心理科学进展, 2004, 12 (6): 942- 950.
DOI |
|
佐斌, 温芳芳, 朱晓芳. 大学生对年轻人和老年人的年龄刻板印象. 应用心理学, 2007, 13 (3): 231- 236.
DOI |
|
Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Garden City, UT: Doubleday Anchor. | |
Batson, C. D., Polycarpou, M. P., Harmon-Jones, E., Imhoff, H. J., Mitchener, E. C., Bednar, L. L., … Highberger, L. (1997). Empathy and attitudes: Can feeling for a member of a stigmatized group improve feelings toward the group? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(1), 105–118. | |
Binder, J., Zagefka, H., Brown, R., Funke, F., Kessler, T., Mummendey, A., … Leyens, J. P.. Does contact reduce prejudice or does prejudice reduce contact? A longitudinal test of the contact hypothesis among majority and minority groups in three European countries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2009, 96 (4): 843- 856.
DOI |
|
Bousfield, C., & Hutchison, P.. Contact, anxiety, and young people’s attitudes and behavioral intentions towards the elderly. Educational Gerontology, 2010, 36 (6): 451- 466.
DOI |
|
Cheung, J. C. T., Lou, V. W. Q., Hu, D. Y., Pan, N. F. C., Woo, E. M. W., & Cheng, M. S. F. (2023). Eliminating ageism in higher education: An intergenerational participatory co-design project. Educational Gerontology, 49(11), 966–978. | |
Davies, K., Tropp, L. R., Aron, A., Pettigrew, T. F., & Wright, S. C.. Cross-group friendships and intergroup attitudes: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2011, 15 (4): 332- 351.
DOI |
|
Davis, M. H.. Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1983, 44 (1): 113- 126.
DOI |
|
Depow, G. J., Francis, Z., & Inzlicht, M.. The experience of empathy in everyday life. Psychological Science, 2021, 32 (8): 1198- 1213.
DOI |
|
Dovidio, J. F., Love, A., Schellhaas, F. M. H., & Hewstone, M.. Reducing intergroup bias through intergroup contact: Twenty years of progress and future directions. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 2017, 20 (5): 606- 620. | |
Drury, L., Hutchison, P., & Abrams, D.. Direct and extended intergenerational contact and young people’s attitudes towards older adults. British Journal of Social Psychology, 2016, 55 (3): 522- 543.
DOI |
|
Fazio, R. H., & Olson, M. A.. Implicit measures in social cognition research: Their meaning and uses. Annual Review of Psychology, 2003, 54, 297- 327.
DOI |
|
Flamion, A., Missotten, P., Marquet, M., & Adam, S.. Impact of contact with grandparents on children’s and adolescents’ views on the elderly. Child Development, 2019, 90 (4): 1155- 1169.
DOI |
|
Harwood, J., Hewstone, M., Paolini, S., & Voci, A.. Grandparent-grandchild contact and attitudes toward older adults: Moderator and mediator effects. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2005, 31 (3): 393- 406.
DOI |
|
Knifsend, C. A., & Juvonen, J.. Social identity complexity, cross-ethnic friendships, and intergroup attitudes in urban middle schools. Child Development, 2014, 85 (2): 709- 721.
DOI |
|
Levy, B. R., Zonderman, A. B., Slade, M. D., & Ferrucci, L.. Age stereotypes held earlier in life predict cardiovascular events in later life. Psychological Science, 2009, 20 (3): 296- 298.
DOI |
|
Levy, S. R., Lytle, A., & Macdonald, J.. The worldwide ageism crisis. Journal of Social Issues, 2022, 78 (4): 743- 768.
DOI |
|
Luo, B. Z., Zhou, K., Jin, E. J., Newman, A., & Liang, J. Y.. Ageism among college students: A comparative study between U.S. and China. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 2013, 28 (1): 49- 63.
DOI |
|
Mansson, D. H., Floyd, K., & Soliz, J.. Affectionate communication is associated with emotional and relational resources in the grandparent-grandchild relationship. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 2017, 15 (2): 85- 103.
DOI |
|
Miklikowska, M.. Development of anti-immigrant attitudes in adolescence: The role of parents, peers, intergroup friendships, and empathy. British Journal of Psychology, 2017, 108 (3): 626- 648.
DOI |
|
Miller, N.. Personalization and the promise of contact theory. Journal of Social Issues, 2002, 58 (2): 387- 410.
DOI |
|
Pettigrew, T. F.. Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 1998, 49, 65- 85.
DOI |
|
Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R.. How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta-analytic tests of three mediators. European Journal of Social Psychology, 2008, 38 (6): 922- 934.
DOI |
|
Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2011). When groups meet: The dynamics of intergroup contact. New York: Psychology Press. | |
Sparkman, D. J., & Eidelman, S.. “Putting myself in their shoes”: Ethnic perspective taking explains liberal-conservative differences in prejudice and stereotyping. Personality and Individual Differences, 2016, 98, 1- 5.
DOI |
|
Stephan, W. G.. Intergroup anxiety: Theory, research, and practice. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2014, 18 (3): 239- 255.
DOI |
|
Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. W.. Intergroup anxiety. Journal of Social Issues, 1985, 41 (3): 157- 175.
DOI |
|
Swart, H., Moeschberger, S., Kagee, A., & Hewstone, M.. Perceived diversity, threat, and attitudes towards immigrants: The mitigating role of cross-group friendships and empathy. South African Journal of Psychology, 2023, 53 (1): 44- 56.
DOI |
|
Turner, R. N., Hewstone, M., & Voci, A.. Reducing explicit and implicit outgroup prejudice via direct and extended contact: The mediating role of self-disclosure and intergroup anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2007, 93 (3): 369- 388.
DOI |
|
Vezzali, L., Lolliot, S., Trifiletti, E., Cocco, V. M., Rae, J. R., Capozza, D., & Hewstone, M. (2023). Effects of intergroup contact on explicit and implicit outgroup attitudes: A longitudinal field study with majority and minority group members. British Journal of Social Psychology, 62(1), 215–240. | |
Vorauer, J. D., & Sasaki, S. J.. Helpful only in the abstract?: Ironic effects of empathy in intergroup interaction. Psychological Science, 2009, 20 (2): 191- 197.
DOI |
|
Yu, D. F., Zhao, Y. F., Yin, C. Z., Liang, F. M., & Chen, W. Y.. A network analysis of the association between intergroup contact and intergroup relations. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 2022, 15, 51- 69.
DOI |
|
Zhang, Y. B., Li, S. L., & Harwood, J.. Grandparent-grandchild communication and attitudes toward older adults: Relational solidarity and shared family identity in China. International Journal of Communication, 2021, 15, 2987- 3005. | |
Zhang, Y. B., Paik, S., Xing, C., & Harwood, J.. Young adults’ contact experiences and attitudes toward aging: Age salience and intergroup anxiety in South Korea. Asian Journal of Communication, 2018, 28 (5): 468- 489.
DOI |
[1] | 王兴超, 田芳芳. 儿童期虐待与欺负行为:青少年道德推脱与父亲道德推脱的作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(1): 108-115. |
[2] | 张耀华, 徐敏, 黄云云, 辛素飞. 心理韧性缓冲压力生活事件与青少年学业倦怠之间的非线性关系[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(1): 123-129. |
[3] | 占萍萍, 古静静, 王金良. 父母教养方式类型与青少年网络成瘾的关系:认知情绪调节策略的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(6): 776-783. |
[4] | 林丽云, 向梦涵, 吴泳桃, 刘学兰. 父母养育倦怠对亲子关系的影响:婚姻质量和共同教养的链式中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(6): 807-814. |
[5] | 张斌, 张安琪, 邱致燕, 曾奕欣, 曾成伟, 熊思成, 张淑君, 王亚楠. 青少年早期限制性饮食的发展轨迹:基于潜变量混合增长模型的分析[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(5): 621-628. |
[6] | 蔡保贞, 方杰. 父母低头行为与青少年冷酷无情特质的关系及差异:一个链式中介效应[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(5): 644-650. |
[7] | 刘峻君, 何晓燕, 李松, 冉光明. 社交回避与青少年自杀意念的关系:有调节的中介模型[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(5): 675-681. |
[8] | 田可心, 阴山燕, 武亦文, 胡文彬. 积极共情与高中生亲社会行为的关系:自我建构的中介与社会比较的调节作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(5): 712-719. |
[9] | 何然, 陈福美, 罗芮, 赵云燕, 李昭仪, 罗玉晗. 父母婚姻冲突与青少年主观幸福感的关系:一个链式中介模型[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(3): 352-358. |
[10] | 张斌, 曾奕欣. 被动性社交网站使用与青少年限制性饮食的关系:有调节的链式中介模型[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(3): 388-394. |
[11] | 张阔, 李珮瑜, 陈丽君, 汪新建. 成长型思维与青少年心理资本的关系:基于动机框架的分析[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(2): 209-215. |
[12] | 马艺丹, 薛威峰, 刘琴, 徐银. 群体认同与听障青少年主观幸福感的关系:听障朋友支持的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(2): 266-272. |
[13] | 刘志军, 陈继为. 父母“低头行为”对青少年网络欺负和受欺负的影响:亲子亲密感和内化问题的链式中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(1): 79-85. |
[14] | 钟伟芳, 郭永兴. 悲伤表情识别能力影响疼痛共情—一项ERP研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(5): 585-592. |
[15] | 石鑫欣, 吴怡霏, 冯迎. 父母差别对待与青少年问题行为的关系:一个有调节的中介模型[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(5): 644-650. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||