老年人独处能力与生命意义感：基本心理需求的中介和家庭亲密度的调节作用

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.03.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为考察独处能力对老年人生命意义感的影响及其内在机制，本研究对1082名55岁及以上老年人进行问卷调查，采用潜调节的结构方程模型进行检验，结果显示：(1)老年人独处能力显著正向预测生命意义感。(2)自主、胜任、关联三种基本心理需求的满足在独处能力和生命意义感之间起完全中介作用，其中自主需求满足的中介效应最强。(3)家庭亲密度负向调节独处能力与基本心理需求满足之间的关系。对于缺乏关爱和支持的家庭，独处能力对老年人基本心理需求满足的促进作用更显著，从而部分缓解了亲密关系缺失的负面影响。

关键词: 独处能力, 基本心理需求满足, 生命意义感, 家庭亲密度, 老年人

Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between solitude capacity and the sense of meaning in life among Chinese elderly, with a focus on the underlying mechanisms through a survey of 1082 senior adults (aged≥55 years). A moderated structural equation model revealed that: 1) Solitude capacity positively predicted the sense of meaning in life. 2) This association was fully mediated by the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness, with autonomy exhibiting the strongest mediating effect. 3) Family cohesion negatively moderated the first part of the pathway of the mediating effect. The findings indicate that in the absence of family support, the positive impact of solitude capacity on the fulfillment of basic psychological needs was intensified, thus partially mitigating the negative effects of a lack of intimacy.

Key words: solitude capacity, basic psychological need satisfaction, meaning in life, family cohesion, the elderly

中图分类号:

B849

胡永时, 赵怡霖, 张镇. 老年人独处能力与生命意义感：基本心理需求的中介和家庭亲密度的调节作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(3): 425-432.

HU Yongshi, ZHAQ Yilin, ZHANG Zhen. Solitude Capacity and Meaning in Life Among Chinese Elderly: The Mediating Role of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and the Moderating Role of Family Cohesion[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(3): 425-432.

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