社交焦虑对青少年手机依赖的影响：自我控制的纵向调节作用

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2026.02.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究青少年社交焦虑与手机依赖的纵向发展关系，以及自我控制的纵向调节作用，采用社交焦虑量表、手机依赖量表和自我控制量表对750名青少年进行为期1年3次的追踪调查。结果发现：(1)社交焦虑和手机依赖呈线性增长趋势，自我控制呈线性下降趋势；(2)社交焦虑的初始水平和发展速度分别对手机依赖的初始水平和发展速度起显著正向预测作用；(3)自我控制的初始水平在社交焦虑和青少年手机依赖的初始水平之间的负向调节效应显著；(4)自我控制的发展速度在社交焦虑和青少年手机依赖的发展速度之间的负向调节效应显著。研究结果说明自我控制在社交焦虑对青少年手机依赖的影响中起纵向调节作用。

关键词: 手机依赖, 社交焦虑, 自我控制, 潜在增长模型

Abstract:

To investigate the longitudinal relationship between social anxiety and mobile phone dependency among adolescents, as well as the longitudinal moderating role of self-control, a one-year, three-wave longitudinal study was conducted with 750 adolescents. The study utilized the Social Anxiety Scale, Mobile Phone Dependency Scale, and Self-Control Scale to assess the participants. The results indicated that: 1) Social anxiety and mobile phone dependency both exhibited linear growth trends, while self-control showed a linear decline. 2) The initial level and development rate of social anxiety significantly and positively predicted the initial level and development rate of mobile phone dependency. 3) The initial level of self-control significantly negatively moderated the relationship between social anxiety and initial mobile phone dependency. 4) The development rate of self-control significantly negatively moderated the relationship between changes in social anxiety and changes in mobile phone dependency. These findings suggest that self-control plays a longitudinal moderating role in the effect of social anxiety on mobile phone dependency among adolescents.

Key words: mobile phone dependency, social anxiety, self-control, latent growth model

孔旭, 熊思成, 曾成伟, 张斌. 社交焦虑对青少年手机依赖的影响：自我控制的纵向调节作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2026, 24(2): 265-272.

Xu KONG, Sicheng XIONG, Chengwei ZENG, Bin ZHANG. The Impact of Social Anxiety on Adolescents’ Mobile Phone Dependency: The Longitudinal Moderating Role of Self-Control[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2026, 24(2): 265-272.

图/表 6

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变量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1.性别
2.社交焦虑T1	0.21**
3.社交焦虑T2	0.16**	0.57**
4.社交焦虑T3	0.15**	0.60**	0.59**
5.手机依赖T1	0.19**	0.32**	0.29**	0.28**
6.手机依赖T2	0.11**	0.30**	0.33**	0.27**	0.62**
7.手机依赖T3	0.18**	0.28**	0.30**	0.34**	0.56**	0.64**
8.自我控制T1	–0.14**	–0.36**	–0.31**	–0.30**	–0.59**	–0.47**	–0.44**
9.自我控制T2	–0.08*	–0.27**	–0.31**	–0.26**	–0.45**	–0.59**	–0.44**	0.60**
10.自我控制T3	–0.15**	–0.32**	–0.29**	–0.38**	–0.48**	–0.47**	–0.58**	0.57**	0.59**
M		2.50	2.55	2.61	2.65	2.80	2.95	3.09	3.03	2.94
SD		0.68	0.65	0.68	1.09	1.11	1.24	0.74	0.72	0.74

变量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1.性别
2.社交焦虑T1	0.21**
3.社交焦虑T2	0.16**	0.57**
4.社交焦虑T3	0.15**	0.60**	0.59**
5.手机依赖T1	0.19**	0.32**	0.29**	0.28**
6.手机依赖T2	0.11**	0.30**	0.33**	0.27**	0.62**
7.手机依赖T3	0.18**	0.28**	0.30**	0.34**	0.56**	0.64**
8.自我控制T1	–0.14**	–0.36**	–0.31**	–0.30**	–0.59**	–0.47**	–0.44**
9.自我控制T2	–0.08*	–0.27**	–0.31**	–0.26**	–0.45**	–0.59**	–0.44**	0.60**
10.自我控制T3	–0.15**	–0.32**	–0.29**	–0.38**	–0.48**	–0.47**	–0.58**	0.57**	0.59**
M		2.50	2.55	2.61	2.65	2.80	2.95	3.09	3.03	2.94
SD		0.68	0.65	0.68	1.09	1.11	1.24	0.74	0.72	0.74

变量	χ²	df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA(90%CI)	均值		协相关
变量	χ²	df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA(90%CI)	截距	斜率	协相关
社交焦虑	0.01	1	1.00	1.01	0.00[0.00, 0.03]	2.50***	0.06***	0.028
手机依赖	0.07	1	1.00	1.01	0.00[0.00, 0.06]	2.65***	0.15***	–0.001
自我控制	0.19	1	1.00	1.00	0.00[0.00, 0.07]	3.09***	–0.07***	–0.004

变量	χ²	df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA(90%CI)	均值		协相关
变量	χ²	df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA(90%CI)	截距	斜率	协相关
社交焦虑	0.01	1	1.00	1.01	0.00[0.00, 0.03]	2.50***	0.06***	0.028
手机依赖	0.07	1	1.00	1.01	0.00[0.00, 0.06]	2.65***	0.15***	–0.001
自我控制	0.19	1	1.00	1.00	0.00[0.00, 0.07]	3.09***	–0.07***	–0.004

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