Development and Validation of Chinese College Students Failure Mindset Scale

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.03.012

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aimed to develop and validate an instrument for measuring failure mindset in Chinese college students. Based on literature analysis and semi-structured interviews, the initial items of the Failure Mindset Scale (FMS) were developed. The factor structure of the FMS was examined by exploratory factor analysis (n=699) and confirmatory factor analysis (n=684). Then the scale validity was verified again by examining the relationship between failure mentality and mental health (n=2922). The results showed that the final formal scale contains two relatively independent dimensions, that is, the negative failure mindset and the positive failure mindset. The internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, construct validity and criterion validity of FMS all met the requirements of psychometric characteristics. Both dimensions of failure mindset predicted subjective well-being and general psychological problems significantly. In conclusion, the FMS can be used as an effective tool to measure the level of failure mindset among Chinese college students.

Key words: Chinese college students, failure mindset, reliability, validity

摘要：

探讨中国大学生失败心态的结构，编制大学生失败心态量表并检验其信效度。首先通过文献分析和半结构式访谈发展出量表的初始条目，依次进行项目分析和探索性因素分析(n=699)、验证性因素分析(n=684)等确定量表的信效度。然后通过考察大学生失败心态与心理健康的关系，再次验证量表效度(n=2922)。结果发现：最终形成的正式量表包含消极失败心态和积极失败心态两个相对独立的维度；量表的内部一致性信度、重测信度和结构效度、效标效度均符合心理测量学要求；失败心态两维度与主观幸福感和一般心理问题均显著相关。该量表可作为测量中国大学生失败心态水平的有效工具。

关键词: 中国大学生, 失败心态, 信度, 效度

Hongwei NIU, Jiajia HAO, Xuejun BAI. Development and Validation of Chinese College Students Failure Mindset Scale[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(3): 379-386.

牛宏伟, 郝嘉佳, 白学军. 大学生失败心态量表的编制及信效度检验[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(3): 379-386.

Figures/Tables 7

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核心编码	主轴编码	参考点(个)	开放式编码(示例)	原始资料(示例)
积极失败心态	促进成长	38	从中学习	02：每次失败都能学到很多东西
积极失败心态	反思改变	36	改变不足	06：失败可以让自己找到不足去修正
消极失败心态	痛苦打击	36	打击	07：给人打击特别大
消极失败心态	贬低否定	19	自我否定	03：让自己觉得什么都做不好

核心编码	主轴编码	参考点(个)	开放式编码(示例)	原始资料(示例)
积极失败心态	促进成长	38	从中学习	02：每次失败都能学到很多东西
积极失败心态	反思改变	36	改变不足	06：失败可以让自己找到不足去修正
消极失败心态	痛苦打击	36	打击	07：给人打击特别大
消极失败心态	贬低否定	19	自我否定	03：让自己觉得什么都做不好

项目	F1	F2	共同度
6.失败让我怀疑自己的价值	0.80		0.67
3.失败会让我陷入痛苦	0.80		0.65
1.失败让我没面子	0.76		0.57
13.失败会打击我的热情和积极性	0.75		0.63
14.失败让我觉得自己的能力不足	0.74		0.57
9.失败提示我需要更加努力		0.78	0.63
7.失败意味着获得成长的机会		0.78	0.62
5.失败是值得从中学习的经历		0.76	0.61
2.失败提示我需要反思自己的方法策略		0.72	0.51
11.失败提示我需要调整自己的目标或方向		0.60	0.38
特征值	3.94	1.91
解释率	30.55%	27.87%

项目	F1	F2	共同度
6.失败让我怀疑自己的价值	0.80		0.67
3.失败会让我陷入痛苦	0.80		0.65
1.失败让我没面子	0.76		0.57
13.失败会打击我的热情和积极性	0.75		0.63
14.失败让我觉得自己的能力不足	0.74		0.57
9.失败提示我需要更加努力		0.78	0.63
7.失败意味着获得成长的机会		0.78	0.62
5.失败是值得从中学习的经历		0.76	0.61
2.失败提示我需要反思自己的方法策略		0.72	0.51
11.失败提示我需要调整自己的目标或方向		0.60	0.38
特征值	3.94	1.91
解释率	30.55%	27.87%

模型	χ²/df	RMSEA	SRMR	GFI	NFI	CFI
1	31.96	0.21	0.18	0.67	0.55	0.55
2	3.46	0.06	0.04	0.97	0.95	0.97