The Effects of Emotion on Behavioral Inhibition were Modulated by Extraversion

Abstract

Abstract: Using a two-choice oddball task and event-related potential (ERP) measures, the present study investigated the impact of emotion on behavioral inhibition as well as the moderate effect of extraversion. Behavioral results showed that irrespective of emotional valence, longer response time for deviant stimuli than for standard stimuli was found, demonstrating there were behavioral inhibitory effects during deviant condition. Moreover, in introverted subjects, the response time difference between negative deviant stimuli and standard stimuli was larger than the response time difference between positive deviant stimuli and standard stimuli. ERP results found that in introverted subjects, positive stimuli lead to smaller N2 amplitudes than neutral and negative stimuli. However, in extroverted subjects, there was no difference under different emotion conditions. Moreover, introverted subjects showed larger P3 amplitudes for positive stimuli than neutral and negative stimuli. On the contrary, in extroverted subjects, negative stimuli elicited more pronounced P3 amplitudes than positive and neutral stimuli. The above results show that the impacts of emotion on behavioral inhibition are modulated by extraversion.

Key words: emotion, extraversion, behavioral inhibition, event related potential, two-choice oddball task

摘要： 采用双选择oddball实验范式与事件相关电位（ERP）技术，探讨了情绪对行为抑制的影响以及外倾性的调节作用。行为数据发现，相比标准刺激，被试对偏差刺激的反应时显著更慢，证明实验成功诱发了行为抑制效应。在内倾组，负性刺激下偏差与标准刺激反应时差值显著长于正性刺激条件，而在外倾组无显著差异。脑电数据发现，在N2成分上，内倾组在正性情绪下的波幅显著小于负性和中性情绪，而在外倾组，不同情绪下的波幅不存在显著差异。在P3成分上，内倾组在正性情绪下的波幅显著大于负性和中性情绪，相反，外倾组在负性情绪下的波幅显著大于正性和中性情绪。结果表明，情绪对行为抑制的影响受到了个体外倾性水平的调节。

关键词: 情绪, 外倾性, 行为抑制, 事件相关电位, 双选择oddball范式

CLC Number:

B842.6

ZHAO Xiaolin, ZHANG Yan, WANG Jianfeng. The Effects of Emotion on Behavioral Inhibition were Modulated by Extraversion[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2018, 16(4): 449-457.

赵小淋, 张燕, 王建峰. 情绪对不同外倾水平个体行为抑制的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2018, 16(4): 449-457.

References

白露, 马慧, 黄宇霞, 罗跃嘉. (2005). 中国情绪图片系统的编制——在 46 名中国大学生中的试用. 中国心理卫生杂志, 19(11), 719-722.
陈灿锐, 高艳红, 申荷永. (2012). 主观幸福感与大三人格特征相关研究的元分析. 心理科学进展, 20(1), 19-26.
何媛媛, 袁加锦, 伍泽莲, 李红. (2008). 正性情绪刺激效价强度的变化对外倾个体注意的调制作用. 心理学报, 40(11), 1158-1164.
贾丽萍. (2014). 情绪对不同焦虑水平个体抑制功能的影响(博士学位论文). 天津师范大学.
钱铭怡, 武国城, 朱荣春, 张莘. (2000). 艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(EPQ-RSC)的修订. 心理学报, 32(3), 317-323.
田学英, 卢家楣. (2012). 外倾个体何以有更多正性情绪体验?——情绪调节自我效能感的中介作用. 心理科学, 35(3), 631-635.
辛勇, 李红, 袁加锦. (2010). 负性情绪干扰行为抑制控制:一项事件相关电位研究. 心理学报, 42(3), 334-341.
Albert, J., López-Martín, S., & Carretié, L. (2010). Emotional context modulates response inhibition:neural and behavioral data. NeuroImage, 49(1), 914-921.
Amin, Z., Constable, R. T., & Canli, T. (2004). Attentional bias for valenced stimuli as a function of personality in the dot-probe task. Journal of Research in Personality, 38(1), 15-23.
Bekker, E. M., Kenemans, J. L., & Verbaten, M. N. (2005). Source analysis of the N2 in a cued Go/NoGo task. Cognitive Brain Research, 22(2), 221-231.
Bokura, H., Yamaguchi, S., & Kobayashi, S. (2001). Electrophysiological correlates for response inhibition in a Go/NoGo task. Clinical Neurophysiology, 112(12), 2224-2232.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1980). Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being:Happy and unhappy people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(4), 668-678.
Derryberry, D., & Reed, M. A. (1994). Temperament and attention:orienting toward and away from positive and negative signals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(6), 1128-1139.
Eysenck, H. J. (1990). Genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences:The three major dimensions of personality. Journal of Personality, 58(1), 245-261.
Falkenstein, M., Hoormann, J., & Hohnsbein, J. (1999). ERP components in Go/NoGo tasks and their relation to inhibition. Acta Psychologica, 101(2-3), 267-291.
Goldstein, M., Brendel, G., Tuescher, O., Pan, H., Epstein, J., Beutel, M., … Silbersweig, D. (2007). Neural substrates of the interaction of emotional stimulus processing and motor inhibitory control:an emotional linguistic go/no-go fMRI study. NeuroImage, 36(3), 1026-1040.
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes:Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-362.
Hirokazu, B., Shuhei, Y., & Shotai, K. (2001). Electrophysiological correlates for response inhibition in a Go/NoGo task. Clinical Neurophysiology, 112(12), 2224-2232.
Janowsky, D. S. (2001). Introversion and extroversion:Implications for depression and suicidality. Current Psychiatry Reports, 3(6), 444-450.
Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort (pp. 246). Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.
Kanske, P., & Kotz, S. A. (2010). Modulation of early conflict processing:N200 responses to emotional words in a flanker task. Neuropsychologia, 48(12), 3661-3664.
Li, C. S. R., Huang, C., Constable, R. T., & Sinha, R. (2006). Imaging response inhibition in a stop-signal task:Neural correlates independent of signal monitoring and post-response processing. Journal of Neuroscience, 26(1), 186-192.
Logie, R. H. (2011). The functional organization and capacity limits of working memory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(4), 240-245.
Lou, Y. X., Meng, X. X., Yang, J. M., Zhang, S., Long, Q. S., & Yuan, J. J. (2016). The impact of extraversion on attentional bias to pleasant stimuli:neuroticism matters. Experimental Brain Research, 234(3), 721-731.
Nagy, E., Potts, G. F., & Loveland, K. A. (2003). Sex-related ERP differences in deviance detection. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 48(3), 285-292.
Ng, W. (2009). Clarifying the relation between neuroticism and positive emotions. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(1), 69-72.
Smith, J. L., Johnstone, S. J., & Barry, R. J. (2008). Movement-related potentials in the Go/NoGo task:The P3 reflects both cognitive and motor inhibition. Clinical Neurophysiology, 119(3), 704-714.
Tamir, M. (2009). Differential preferences for happiness:extraversion and trait-consistent emotion regulation. Journal of Personality, 77(2), 447-470.
Thake, J., & Zelenski, J. M. (2013). Neuroticism, BIS, and reactivity to discrete negative mood inductions. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(2), 208-213.
Tsai, W., & Lau, A. S. (2013). Cultural differences in emotion regulation during self-reflection on negative personal experiences. Cognition and Emotion, 27(3), 416-429.
van Veen, V., & Carter, C. S. (2002). The timing of action-monitoring processes in the anterior cingulate cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(4), 593-602.
Verbruggen, F., & De Houwer, J. (2007). Do emotional stimuli interfere with response inhibition? Evidence from the stop signal paradigm. Cognition and Emotion, 21(2), 391-403.
Wolfe, J. M., Võ, M. L. H., Evans, K. K., & Greene, M. R. (2011). Visual search in scenes involves selective and nonselective pathways. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(2), 77-84.
Yang, J. M., Yuan, J. J., & Li, H. (2012). Expectation decreases brain susceptibility to fearful stimuli:ERP evidence from a modified emotion evaluation task. Neuroscience Letters, 514(2), 198-203.
Yu, F. Q., Yuan, J. J., & Luo, Y. J. (2009). Auditory induced emotion modulates processes of response inhibition:An Event-Related Potential study. Neuroreport, 20(1), 25-30.
Yuan, J. J., He, Y. Y., Zhang, Q. L., Chen, A. T., & Li, H. (2008). Gender differences in behavioral inhibitory control:ERP evidence from a two-choice oddball task. Psychophysiology, 45(6), 986-993.
Yuan, J. J., He, Y. Y., Lei, Y., Yang, J. M., & Li, H. (2009). Event-related potential correlates of the extraverts' sensitivity to valence changes in positive stimuli. Neuroreport, 20(12), 1071–1076.

[1]	MA Liyun, MO Wen. The Influence of Positive Emotion on Prosocial Behavior Under Ego-Depletion [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(5): 684-691.
[2]	LIU Jianrong, XIE Linjun, ZHENG Lin. The Recognition of Emotional Prosody in College Students with Social Delay [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(5): 714-720.
[3]	BAO Xuhui, HUANG Jie, LI Na, LI Jianjun, LI Yahong. The Influence of Proactive Personality on Learning Engagement: The Chain Mediating Effect of Perceived Social Support and Positive Emotions [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(4): 508-514.
[4]	LI Jiaojiao, LIU Xiaobing, PEI Dandan, XU Bibo, YIN Xiyang. The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and College Students’ Malicious Creativity: A Moderated Mediation Model [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(4): 563-569.
[5]	LI Yongzhan. The Moderating Effect of Emotional Intelligence in the Relationship Between Body-Esteem and Eating Disorder Tendency [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(4): 570-576.
[6]	YU Tengxu, LIU Wen, LIU Fang. The Relationship Between Psychological Maltreatment and Children’s Anhedonia: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Reappraisal [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(3): 361-367.
[7]	LIU Fang, HUO Rui, HAN Chengcheng, WANG Meiyi, YANG Haibo. The Influence of Executive Function on Emotion Regulation Strategy Use Tendency and Emotion Regulation Effect [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(3): 382-389.
[8]	LI Peng, ZHANG Zhichao, YANG Yang, YANG Jiaqi, LI Hongyu. The Relationship Between Job Stress and Job Burnout in Primary and Middle School Teachers: A Chain Mediating Effect of Emotional Labor and Job Satisfaction [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(3): 412-418.
[9]	ZHOU Aibao, ZHAO Haiyan, XIA Ruixue, YUAN Yue, JIA Tingting, XIE Pei. The Impact of Reference Styles, Emotional Valence, and Personality-Trait Assessment at Different Semantic Levels on Memory [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(2): 145-152.
[10]	ZHAO Siyi, LI Ying, WANG Yue. The Metaphorical Association Between Valence and Space Influences Emotional Word Learning in Adults and Children [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(2): 153-159.
[11]	WANG Junli, WEN Yanru, LIN Yi, HOU Limin. Cognitive Development Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Emotional Display Rules in Preschool Children: A Follow-Up Study [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(6): 764-770.
[12]	YANG Weiping, YANG Xiangfu, XU Jianping. The Influence of Cross-Modal Audiovisual Emotional Information on Baby Schema Effect [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(4): 447-453.
[13]	CHEN Peiyi, CHEN Yu, YANG Xueling. The Mediating Effect of Negative Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies on the Relationship Between Zhongyong Thinking and Depressive Symptoms Among College Students [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(4): 571-576.
[14]	YANG Jiawei, LI Dongling, LIU Jianrong. The Influence of Perceived Social Hostility on College Students’ Aggression: The Role of Negative Emotional Experience [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(3): 382-388.
[15]	DU Xiayu, SHI Congrong, ZHAO Ziyi, XUE Ting. The Influence of Emotional Valence and Motivational Emotion on Creativity [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(2): 160-165.