Archive

20 May 2023, Volume 21 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

---

?


For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

?

Select

The Effect of Threat-Related Emotions on Time Perception: Based on the Emotional Motivation Dimension Xiujuan GUO, Weicong REN, Zhijie ZHANG 2023, 21(3):  289-295.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (633KB) ( )   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of two specific threatening emotions, anger and fear on time perception based on the emotional motivation dimension theory. By using different emotional pictures (faces in Experiment 1 and bodies in Experiment 2) and different time perception tasks (time comparison tasks in Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, and time estimation tasks in Experiment 3), we found that compared with the neutral emotion, anger shortened the time perception while fear lengthened it. These results suggest that time perception becomes shorter under approach motivation and longer under withdrawal motivation.

Select

Attention Bias of Emotional Body Language in Autism Spectrum Disorders Chengshi LI, Hongjun JIANG, Jinsheng HU 2023, 21(3):  296-303.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (818KB) ( )   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Emotional body language is a typical non-literal form of language to convey emotional information in social situations. This study investigated the characteristics and cognitive mechanisms of emotional body language processing in individuals with autism in terms of attentional bias. In Experiment 1, the participants were presented with emotional body language images of happiness, anger and fear by using the dot detection paradigm. The results showed that no attentional bias to certain kinds of emotional body language was found in the autism group. In Experiment 2, free browsing paradigm with higher ecological validity was used to investigate the eye movement characteristics of the emotional body language images in the individuals with autism. The results showed that avoidance to sad body language, facilitation to happy body language and difficulty of disengagement to happy body language were found in the autism group. The results indicate that attentional bias characteristics of emotional body language in the individuals with autism are different. The free browsing paradigm has higher sensitivity and validity on recognizing attentional bias of emotional body language.

Select

The Higher the Bilingual Balance, the Better the Perception of L3 Phonemes? Taking the Learning of English Vowels by Kazakh-Chinese Bilinguals as an Example Zongyi HAN, Rui WAN, Jingzhou XU, Gaohaer JIAERKEN, Libo QIAO, Wei HU, Lihong WANG 2023, 21(3):  304-311.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (785KB) ( )   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Previous studies have not reached a consensus on whether the bilingual balance of bilinguals is related to the acquisition of L3 phonetics. This study explored the impact of bilingual balance, that is, the proficiency level of non-dominant language (Chinese) among Kazakh-Chinese bilinguals, on phonemic learning in a third language (English). Kazakh-Chinese bilinguals are divided into two groups based on level of bilingual balance, completing tasks such as Kazakh vowel perception, Chinese vowel perception, and English vowel perception. The results showed that: Firstly, there was no significant difference in English vowel identification between the high and low bilingual balance groups, but there were significant differences in their English vowel perception confusion patterns. The low bilingual balance group exhibited more complex confusion patterns in English vowel perception confusion compared to the high bilingual balance group. Secondly, the dominant language in the low bilingual balance group could not effectively explain L3 phonemic perception, but the phonemic perception level of non-dominant language had a higher explanatory rate on L3 phonemic perception than the high bilingual balance group. This indicates that bilingual balance affects the pattern of L3 vowel perception confusion, and the English vowel confusion types in the low bilingual balance group are worse than those in the high bilingual balance group. In addition, the lower the bilingual balance, the higher the explanatory rate of non-dominant language phoneme perception on L3 phoneme perception.

Select

Measurement Invariance of the College Students’ Psychological Suzhi Questionnaire Simplified Version Chengkui YAO, Siqi CHANG, Chuanzhang ZHENG, Wei CHEN, Gang CHENG, Jie LUO 2023, 21(3):  312-319.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (595KB) ( )   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics To test the measurement invariance of the College Students’ Psychological Suzhi Questionnaire Simplified Version (CSPSz-SV) across multi-groups and across times, the CSPSz-SV was used to investigate 1783 freshmen who came from 11 universities. Four hundred and forty-seven freshmen were re-investigated over six months interval. The multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA) indicated that the three-factor structure (cognition, personality, and adaptability) of the CSPSz-SV had strict measurement invariance across genders (male and female), majors (social sciences and natural sciences), families (only child and non-only child), and regions (town and country). Furthermore, the three-factor solution of the CSPSz-SV also showed strict longitudinal invariance (e.g., equality of factor patterns, factor loadings, item intercepts, and item uniqueness for all items) across six-month period. Overall, the CSPSz-SV had strict measurement invariance across genders, majors, families, and regions, as well as strict longitudinal invariance over time.

Select

Development of Ostracism Paradigm Under the Frame of Public Good Game Junqing HUANG, Kaizheng LI, Shuyue ZHANG 2023, 21(3):  320-327.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (841KB) ( )   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Social exclusion has two dimensions. One is the target of the exclusion (i.e., the victim) and the other is the source of exclusion (i.e., the rejecter). However, existing paradigms focusing on rejecters have exhibited a limitation in their ability to consistently elicit exclusionary behavior. To address this gap, the present study integrated social exclusion within the framework of the Public Good Game (PGG) and devised a novel paradigm for rejecters. This new paradigm demonstrated a significantly higher success rate in inducing exclusionary behavior. Furthermore, we used two experiments to test it. The result of Experiment 1 showed that participants of the experiment group had a significantly higher rate to do the exclusion behavior than the control group. To simulate real-life social exclusion contexts, Experiment 2 introduced an “anonymous” factor. The results revealed that participants of the experiment group exhibited a significantly higher rate of engaging in social exclusion behavior under the anonymous condition compared to the public condition. The newly developed paradigm in this study proves to be highly effective in eliciting social exclusion behavior, providing a fresh approach to examining social exclusion from the perspective of the rejecter.

Select

Age Differences in Children’s Allocation Behavior in Different Contexts: The Role of Resource Value and Resource Quantity Xue SUI, Xuan GAO, Yutong LI 2023, 21(3):  328-335.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (806KB) ( )   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics Two experiments were conducted to investigate the age difference of children’s allocation behavior and the role of resource value and quantity in different situations. It was found that in the first-party allocation situation, older children tended to make unequal allocations compared to younger children. In the third-party allocation situation, older children tended to make equal allocations compared to younger children, and this behavior increased with increasing value or decreasing quantity of resources. Based on the results, the following conclusions are drawn that in allocation situation where equality and efficiency conflict, as age increases, altruistic unequal allocation increases in the first-party allocation situation and the efficiency of children’s allocation increases; equal allocation increases in the third-party allocation situation and the fairness of children’s allocation increases. Meanwhile, resource value and resource quantity affect children’s resource allocation, with higher resource value or lower quantity leading to increased unequal allocation, while lower resource value and higher quantity lead to increased equal allocation.

Select

Relations Between Self-Perceived Social Competence and Emotional Problems in Chinese Children: Role of Avoidant Coping Strategy and Social Sensitivity Simin ZHANG, Qiyiru DONG, Fei CHEN, Aersheng HAIDABIEKE, Xuechen DING, Zhongmin ZHU 2023, 21(3):  336-343.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (727KB) ( )   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics The goal of the present study was to explore the relations between self-perceived social competence, depression, social anxiety, avoidant coping strategies and social sensitivity among children in China. Participants were 575 children attending elementary schools and middle schools from grades 4 to grades 6. Results showed that: 1) self-perceived social competence negatively predicted depression and social anxiety; 2) avoidant coping strategies partially mediated the relations between self-perceived social competence and depression, and social anxiety; 3) social sensitivity moderated the mediating path through avoidant coping strategies. The results not only provide an explanation for mental health problems of individuals who are low in self-perceived social competence, but also have enlightenment for individual adaptation and intervention.

Select

The Effect of Harsh Parenting on Sleep Quality of Children: The Mediating Effect of Core Self-Evaluation and Negative Emotions Min WU, Wenqi SONG, Jiawen JU 2023, 21(3):  344-351.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (698KB) ( )   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics To explore the relationship between parents’ harsh parenting and children’s sleep quality, the role of core self-evaluation and negative emotions, this study invited 792 primary school children to complete the Harsh Parenting Scale, Sleep Quality Scale, Core Self-Evaluation Scale, and Negative Emotion Scale for the investigation. The results showed that: 1) Mothers’ harsh parenting could directly and negatively predict children’s sleep quality, while fathers’ harsh parenting had no significant direct predictive effect on children’s sleep quality. 2) Mothers’ harsh parenting indirectly affected children’s sleep quality through the chain mediating roles of core self-evaluation and negative emotions; fathers’ harsh parenting only affected children’s sleep quality through the complete mediation of negative emotions. 3) There were gender differences among children in the effects of harsh parenting on children’s sleep. The results reveal the influence of parents’ harsh parenting on children’s sleep quality and its mechanism, which has important enlightenment significance for improving children’s sleep quality.

Select

The Relationship Between Interparental Conflict and Adolescents’ Subjective Well-Being: A Chain Mediation Model Ran HE, Fumei CHEN, Rui LUO, Yunyan ZHAO, Zhaoyi LI, Yuhan LUO 2023, 21(3):  352-358.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (707KB) ( )   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics To explore the relationship between interparental conflict and adolescents’ subjective well-being in two-child families, and to analyze the mediating effects of sibling relationships and basic psychological needs satisfaction, based on family system theory and self-determination theory, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 907 adolescents from two-child families. Results showed that: 1) Interparental conflict was significantly and negatively related to adolescents’ subjective well-being in two-child families. 2) The interparental conflict on the subjective well-being of adolescents was mediated by “sibling warmth/hostility” respectively in two-child families. 3) “Sibling warmth - basic psychological needs satisfaction” also played the partial role of chain intermediary between the interparental conflict and adolescents’ subjective well-being in two-child families. Practically, these findings reveal the process of interparental conflict on adolescents’ subjective well-being in two-child families, which provides implications for the upbringing of two-child families.

Select

The Relationship Between Parental Psychological Control and Children’s Academic Anxiety: The Role of Future Orientation and Parental Academic Involvement Tiantian LI, Jiyou GU 2023, 21(3):  359-366.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (749KB) ( )   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between parental psychological control, future orientation, parental academic involvement and academic anxiety among children. A sample of 5164 children in grades 4 to 6 from 7 primary schools of Shandong Province completed anonymous questionnaires. After controlling for age, only child and gender, the results showed that: 1) Parental psychological control could negatively predict future orientation and positively predict children’s academic anxiety. 2) The relation between parental psychological control and children’s academic anxiety was mediated by future orientation. 3) The effect of parental psychological control on children’s academic anxiety was moderated by parental academic involvement. These results indicate that parental psychological control decreases the future orientation of children and thus increases children’s academic anxiety, whereas parental academic involvement reduces the negative effects of parental psychological control on children’s academic anxiety.

Select

The Relationship Between WeChat Usage on Older Adults and Sense of Gain: The Chain Mediation of Perceived Social Support and Meaning in Life Junjie JIANG, Junyi CHEN, Jing YU 2023, 21(3):  367-373.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (692KB) ( )   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics The popularity and usage of WeChat have brought challenges and changes to the lives of the elderly. This study investigated the influence and mechanism of older adults’ WeChat use intensity on their sense of gain. Nine hundred and sixteen older adults over 55 years old in Chongqing were recruited to complete the WeChat Use Intensity Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, and Sense of Gain Scale. The results showed that: 1) the intensity of WeChat use positively predicted older adults’ sense of gain; 2) perceived social support and the meaning in life played partial and chain mediation roles in the relationship between WeChat use intensity and sense of gain. These results indicate that the elderly’s use of WeChat can improve their perceived social support and the meaning in life, so as to enhance their sense of gain.

Select

The Straw that Breaks the Camel’s Back: The Effects of Major Failure on the Frustration Levels of Undergraduates with High and Low Perseverance Xu DU, Mengmeng FENG, Xuejun BAI 2023, 21(3):  374-380.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (664KB) ( )   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics The current study aimed to investigate the effects of major failure on the frustration levels of undergraduates with high and low perseverance. In study 1, undergraduates with high and low perseverance were asked to complete tasks differing in importance. The results showed that undergraduates had more negative emotions and more confidence about their success when they experienced failure in the most important task. Undergraduates with low perseverance expressed less intention to persist, while undergraduates with high perseverance displayed more persistence when they experienced failure in the most important task. In study 2, undergraduates with high and low perseverance were asked to complete a task and experience consecutive failures. For undergraduates with high perseverance, the results showed that their confidence in success decreased significantly after experiencing three or four consecutive failures. Also, their intention to persist decreased significantly after experiencing three consecutive failures. For undergraduates with low perseverance, the results showed that their emotional experience and intention to persist decreased significantly after experiencing three or five consecutive failures. Also, their confidence in success decreased significantly when they experienced two or four consecutive failures. These results indicate that task importance affects the frustration levels of undergraduates with high and low perseverance. The frustration levels of undergraduates with high and low perseverance who experienced consecutive failures showed different trends.

Select

Establishing Norms for the Undergraduate Perseverance Scale for University Students: Take Beijing as an Example Danfeng LI, Xingru YAN, Qian LIU 2023, 21(3):  381-387.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (613KB) ( )   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics To establish the psychological norm of perseverance among university students, this study used the Perseverance Scale to measure a random stratified sample of 2654 college students in Beijing. The results showed that: 1) The scale had good reliability and validity. 2) There was no significant difference in the overall perseverance level of college students by gender; however, women’s scores were lower than men’s scores on the conviction and enlightenment dimensions, and higher than men’s score on the controllability dimension. 3) The overall perseverance level of freshmen students was significantly higher than that of other grades. The scores of sophomore students on the conviction and enlightenment dimensions were lower than those of junior and senior students. And the scores of junior and senior students on the controllability and optimism dimensions were lower than those of other grades. 4) The scores of students majoring in humanities and social sciences on the controllability and optimism were lower than those students majoring in natural science. The mean score norm and percentage rank norm established can be used as the reference standard for evaluating the perseverance of college students.

Select

The Influence of Passive Social Networking Site Use on Adolescents’ Restricted Eating: A Moderated Mediation Model Bin ZHANG, Yixin ZENG 2023, 21(3):  388-394.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (725KB) ( )   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics To explore the influence of passive social networking site use on adolescents’ restricted eating and its mechanism, based on the Tripartite Influence Model and Objectification Theory, this study investigated 568 adolescents by questionnaires. The results showed that: 1) passive social networking site use, self-objectification, body shame and restricted eating were all positively correlated, and all were negatively correlated with self-compassion; 2) passive social networking site use indirectly influenced restricted eating through the single mediating effect of self-objectification and the chain mediating effect of self-objectification and body shame; 3) self-compassion played a negative role in moderating the relationship between self-objectification and body shame in the chain mediating path. This study reveals the internal mechanism of the formation of adolescents’ restricted diet, and the results expand the Tripartite Influence Model and Objectification Theory, which provide a theoretical reference for the intervention of adolescents’ restricted diet.

Select

The Relationship Between Self-Differentiation and Online Game Addiction in College Students: The Chain Mediating Effect of Shyness and Self-Control Jiaojiao LI, Hailong YUAN, Bibo XU 2023, 21(3):  395-402.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (709KB) ( )   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics To explore the relationship between college students’ self-differentiation and online game addiction and the chain mediating effect of shyness and self-control, a sample of 791 college students was enrolled in the present research to fill out the Self-Differentiation Scale, Shyness Scale, Self-Control Scale and Online Game Addiction Questionnaire. The results showed that: 1) Self-differentiation could significantly predict online game addiction. 2) Self-control mediated the relationship between self-differentiation and online game addiction. 3) Shyness and self-control played significant chain mediating roles between self-differentiation and online game addiction. This study clarifies the influence mechanism of self-differentiation on online game addiction and provides a new theoretical perspective for prevention and intervention of online game addiction.

Select

Online Social Support and Learning Engagement in High School Students: A Moderated Mediation Model Bin GAO, Lihua TAN, Dandan ZHANG, Mingxin LI, Yanxiang CAI 2023, 21(3):  403-409.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (748KB) ( )   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics This study aimed to explore the relation between online social support and online learning engagement in high school students, and to examine the role of online learning self-efficacy and perceived stress. A total of 508 Chinese high school students completed the Online Social Support Scale, Online Learning Self-Efficacy Scale, Perceived Stress Scale and Learning Engagement Scale. The results showed that: 1) online social support was significantly positively correlated with online learning engagement; 2) online learning self-efficacy played a mediating role between online social support and online learning engagement; 3) perceived stress could moderate the direct path as well as the mediation process between online social support and online learning engagement. This research is insightful to understand the underlying mechanism of online social support affecting online learning engagement, which has vital significance for high school students’ online education intervention.

Select

The Mechanisms of How Moral Identity Impacts on Cooperative Behavior in Social Dilemmas Hong LI, Jiahao LIN, Ning HE, Ziyi WANG, Liang ZHANG 2023, 21(3):  410-417.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (750KB) ( )   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics The common resource dilemma is an important proposition that explores the trade-off between collective and individual interests in the context of shared “public resources”. In this study, a behavioral experiment was conducted using the common resource dilemma paradigm to examine the effects of moral identity on cooperative behavior and the mediating and moderating roles of explanation level and money initiation. The results showed that: 1) those with high moral identity in social dilemmas had more cooperative behavior; 2) the level of explanation played a mediating role in the effect of moral identity on cooperative behavior; and 3) money initiation moderated the effect of moral identity on cooperative behavior and had a significant inhibitory effect on the positive prediction of moral identity on cooperative behavior. Under the neutral initiation condition, moral identity significantly and positively influenced cooperative behavior; while under the money initiation condition, the effect was weakened and tended to disappear.

Select

Apology or Compensation? The Impact of Repair Strategies on Trust Repair in High- and Low-Power Victims Liyuan SUN, Binheng ZHANG, Minghui WANG, Entao ZHANG 2023, 21(3):  418-424.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (658KB) ( )   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics This study conducted two experiments to examine whether the effectiveness of repair strategies (financial compensations vs. apologies) was moderated by the victim’s social hierarchy. Power was manipulated by varying the availability of alternatives during a trust game, and all participants were assigned as trustors. The participants were required to complete a certain round of trust game with the trustee, followed by an action by the trustee who broke that trust (did not return money). Subsequently, the offender offered different trust repair strategies after a trust violation (control, apologies, exact financial compensations, and apologies plus exact financial compensations). Finally, the investment amounts of high- and low-power victims were measured after the trust repair behavior. These results showed that when the financial compensation provided by the offender just made up for the victim’s economic loss, financial compensations were more effective than apologies in repairing trust for high-power victims, and apologies were more effective than financial compensations for low-power victims. However, when the financial compensation provided by the offender exceeded the economic loss of the victim, for both high-power and low-power victims, financial compensations were more effective than apologies on trust repair.

Select

Entrepreneurship Education, Grit, and Entrepreneurial Intention: A Mediated Moderation Model Yanbin LI, Yue ZHANG, Jiang JIANG, Wen JIANG, Feng ZHANG 2023, 21(3):  425-432.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.03.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (720KB) ( )   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics To investigate the moderating roles of grit in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention, and to explore the psychological mechanism underlying the above moderating effects, 1002 college students completed the questionnaire survey. The results showed that: First, the consistency of interest dimension of grit (GRIT-CI) moderated the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. Specifically, the positive predictive effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention only existed among college students with higher GRIT-CI. Second, the moderating effect was further explained by enhanced entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Finally, the moderating effect of the perseverance of effort dimension of grit (GRIT-PE) was nonsignificant, while it positively predicted entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial self-efficacy by itself. The above findings point out that entrepreneurship education may generate differential effects depending on the grit levels of students, and thus entrepreneurship education programs are suggested to be tailor-made and cultivate grit to improve the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education.