With the development of science and technology, robots have become increasingly integrated into people’s daily lives and work. This study developed the Public Robot Attitude Scale based on the Three-component Model of Attitudes encompassing cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions. The scale was then used to explore the role of personality in the public attitudes toward robots. In Study 1, 699 participants across the country were surveyed. Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were conducted first, followed by confirmatory factor analysis and reliability and validity tests. The final Public Robot Attitude Scale consisted of three subscales-cognitive, affective, and behavioral-comprising 34 items in total, with good reliability and validity. In Study 2, 1567 participants nationwide were surveyed using the Public Robot Attitude Scale and the Big Five Personality Inventory to examine the role of personality in public attitudes toward robots. Results showed that conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness significantly positively influenced individuals’ cognitive attitudes toward robots. Neuroticism and extraversion significantly negatively affected individuals’ affective attitudes toward robots, while openness had a significant positive influence. Neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness significantly and positively influenced individuals’ behavioral attitudes toward robots. This research provides valuable insights into the relationship between personality traits and attitudes toward robots, offering a foundation for future studies and applications in human-robot interaction.
