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20 September 2019, Volume 17 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Neural Mechanism of High and Low Avoidance Negative Emotions Affecting Inhibition: An ERP Study WANG Chunmei, LV Yong 2019, 17(5):  577-582.  Abstract ( )   PDF (675KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The event-related potentials (ERPs) technique was used to examine the effect of avoidance motivational emotions on the inhibition function in the Oddball task. The results showed that the emotion of high avoidance motivational intensity impaired the inhibitory function, which prolonged the overall response time in Oddball task, and interfered inhibition function in the conflict monitoring stage (N2 amplitude was larger, the latency was longer) and inhibiting phase (P3 amplitude was smaller, the latency was longer); The emotion of low avoidance motivational intensity also impaired the inhibitory function, which interfered the inhibition function only in the inhibiting phase (P3 amplitude was smaller, the latency was longer). But there was no difference in the overall response time. The results suggest that the effects of high and low avoidance negative emotions on inhibition function are different, with high avoidance negative emotion showing greater interference in the whole process of conflict detection and inhibition.

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The Process and Function of Orthographic Processing in Mongolian Word Recognition: An ERP Study HOU You, QI Shisan 2019, 17(5):  583-588.  Abstract ( )   PDF (723KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In the current study, we investigated the process and function of orthographic processing in Mongolian words recognition combining the rapid masked priming paradigm and Go/No go paradigm with the event-related potential (ERP) technology. Participants were introduced to perform a semantic categorization task but no response to the critical prime or target stimuli. The results showed that the P150 and N400 components were elicited a noticeable change under the orthographic neighbors priming in the frontal and central area of the brain cortex in the short SOA. There was a significant N400 component in the whole of the brain cortex in the long SOA. These findings suggest that orthography has a certain influence on the processing of early vocabulary level and promotes the semantic processing of late recognition. Finally, the results are discussed from the perspective of the competition mechanism of lexical activation.

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The Trade-off between Speed and Accuracy: Evaluation and Modeling for Participants in the Response States GUO Xiaojun, LUO Zhaosheng 2019, 17(5):  589-595.  Abstract ( )   PDF (747KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Most tests are administered within an allocated time. Within the limited time, participants might have different trade-offs on different items. With the increase of response time, the accuracy reduces when it is improved to a certain point in some items. In view of this situation, this study explored the causes from the point of view of ability, speed, ability and speed compensation. Therefore, three hierarchical models of the non-monotonic relationship between response time and accuracy were constructed. The results obtained in the simulation studies indicated that the MCMC algorithm performed well and enabled simultaneous estimation. More specifically, increasing the sample size of the participants led to better estimation for item parameters; and increasing the test length, the person parameters became better. Finally, three proposed hierarchical models have been empirically studied by a real-data example in the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices. The results showed that the non-monotonic relationship between response time and accuracy is more likely to be affected by the ability level.

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The Influence of Familiarity With Learning Domain and Worked-Example Design Method on Learning the Percentage Word Problems of Concentration QU Kejia, XU Tong, WANG Jingyu 2019, 17(5):  596-603.  Abstract ( )   PDF (546KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The aim of this study is to explore the factors of influencing double-content example learning and effective design method of double-content example. Two experiments were conducted in this study. Experiment 1 explored the influence of the familiarity of the learning domain knowledge on students' learning results. Experiment 2 compared the learning effect of examples designed by labeling method and common examples. The results showed that: (1) Students who are familiar with the learning domain knowledge performed significantly better than the students who are not familiar with the learning domain knowledge. (2) Examples designed with labeling method can improve students' transfer performance on learning domain knowledge and percentage word problems.

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The Mechanism of Negative Emotional Priming on Response Inhibition for Trait Anxiety Individuals JIA Liping, LU Guohua, SONG Yuping, LI Fuhong 2019, 17(5):  604-612.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1325KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To explore the mechanism of negative emotional priming on response inhibition for trait anxiety individuals, the ERPs were recorded during a two-choice Oddball task. The results showed that: (1) The response time was longer to the deviant stimulus than to the standard stimulus; P2, N2, and P3 also have a larger amplitude. (2) Compared with low arousal and neutral priming conditions, the amplitudes of N1-P2 and N2 under high arousal negative priming were larger; for non-trait anxiety individuals, the latency of N1 and P3 under the high arousal negative priming was shorter than that under low arousal negative and neutral priming. The amplitude of P3 was smaller too. However, there were no significant differences among different priming conditions for trait anxiety individuals. The results suggested that high arousal negative priming promotes a better detection of behavioral inhibition for trait anxiety individuals; while the high arousal negative priming promotes the early recognition of deviant stimuli, the detection of behavioral inhibition and the completion of the response inhibition task for non-trait anxiety individuals.

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The Influence of the Spatial Reference Frame of the Subject and the Object on Spatial-Numerical Association PAN Yun, YANG Yang, ZOU Changlang, CHEN Yan, LONG Nv 2019, 17(5):  613-619.  Abstract ( )   PDF (717KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The study used Arabic numerals 1 to 9 (except number 5) as the material, and used the numerical size comparison task to explore the influence of the spatial reference frame based on the subject and object on the spatial-numerical association SNARC effect. The results showed that: (1) under the subject-based spatial reference frame, SNARC effects occured in HH and PP conditions; (2) under the object-based spatial reference frame, SNARC effects occured in HH and PP conditions; (3) under the spatial reference frame based on subject and object, there was no SNARC effect on both HP and PH conditions. It indicates that whether or not it is in the spatial reference frame of the subject or the object, the SNARC effect occurs only when the response-based egocentric reference frame and the allocentric reference frame based on the numerical arrangement position are in the same direction.

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The Development of General Thinking Test for Children HAO Jiajia, CHEN Yinghe, LIU Tuo, BAI Xuejun 2019, 17(5):  620-626.  Abstract ( )   PDF (601KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study aimed at developing a general thinking test for children and adolescents. We constructed a model composed of concrete image thinking, image logical thinking, formal logic thinking and dialectical logic thinking. Based on theoretical reasoning and the reference to classical tests, we developed an item bank. Through pilot tests on 1900 students from 8 to 15 years old, we examined and revised the items according to psychometrical analysis, and finally developed the general thinking test. The results showed that the items had suitable difficulty level and could appropriately discriminate between students; internal consistency reliability, retest reliability, structural validity and criterion validity of the test were also satisfactory. These results indicates that the test can be an effective and reliable instrument for measuring children's general thinking abilities. A preliminary investigation suggest that the children's general thinking abilities are gradually improved with age while the development of the each sub-dimensions follow varied patterns.

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Developmental Trajectory and Influencing Factors of Silent Reading Fluency for Chinese School-aged Children LI Liping, WU Xinchun, FENG Ansheng, CHEN Yun 2019, 17(5):  627-633.  Abstract ( )   PDF (615KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Reading fluency is important for academic learning. A sample of 145 initial primary students was followed up for one year and children’ silent reading fluency was examined for three times. Children were also tested by IQ, word decoding, oral vocabulary, oral reading fluency at the first wave. Latent growth modeling was used to examine children’s initial levels and growth in silent reading fluency and the predictions of initial levels and growth from word decoding, oral vocabulary, oral reading fluency. Results indicated that: (1) silent reading fluency increased linearly during grade one to grade two, and the initial levels and growth were found to be significantly variable, but both were not correlated significantly. (2) Word decoding contributed significantly to the initial levels of silent reading fluency. However, the growth of silent reading fluency was predicted significantly by oral vocabulary and oral reading fluency.

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Positive Psychological Education Intervention on Subjective Well-being of Primary Orphan School Students WANG Jiangyang, XIAO Qing, NIE Jiaxin, GAO Yahua 2019, 17(5):  634-643.  Abstract ( )   PDF (716KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In order to improve subjective well-being of primary orphan school students, the present study took the school psychological health course as the way to intervene high grade primary orphan school students in one province by using the self-designed positive psychological education intervention program. Through the cluster random sampling, two classes were randomly assigned to the experimental group, and two classes were randomly assigned to the control group, either of them from the five or six grade of primary orphan school. By using the pre- and post-test on both experimental group and control group of time series design, the intervention effects were tested from the two angles of the group comparison and the longitudinal tracking. The results showed that the positive psychological education intervention increased the experimental group primary orphan school students' positive emotion, as well as the level of their emotional balance; and strengthened their level of satisfaction to themselves, their friends, their family, their school and their overall life. Above all, their overall level of subjective well-being had been enhanced effectively, and the effect of this intervention was sustained. For the mental health education practice of orphan schools and ordinary schools, the subjective well-being positive psychological education intervention program developed in the present study would have a reference value.

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Relationships Among Perceived Teacher Support, Math Self-efficacy and Mathematics Achievement for Primary School Students: A Moderated Mediation Model ZHANG Jiajia, LI Hongxia, ZHANG Mingliang, ZHAO Xiaomeng, SI Jiwei 2019, 17(5):  644-651.  Abstract ( )   PDF (828KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study aimed to investigate the relationship among teacher support, math self-efficacy and mathematics achievement for primary school students and to explore moderating effects of grades on these associations. There were 3012 primary school students from grade 3 to 5 who were tested with Perceived the Math Teacher's Support Questionnaire, and Math Self-efficacy Scale. The results showed: 1) Teacher support was positively related to students’ math self-efficacy and their mathematics achievement; and math self-efficacy was positively connected with their mathematics achievement when gender factors was controlled. 2) The students’ math self-efficacy played a partially mediating role in the relationship between teacher support and mathematics achievement. 3) The mediating effect of math self-efficacy was moderated by grade factor. The indirect effect was stronger for high grade students than for low grade students. These results suggest that teacher support and primary school students’ math self-efficacy should be strengthened to enhance their mathematics achievement. The contribution and implications of these findings were discussed in detail.

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The Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) Deficit of Chinese Developmental Dyslexic Children YANG Yu, MA Jie, TAN Ke, ZHANG Mingzhe, BAI Xuejun 2019, 17(5):  652-661.  Abstract ( )   PDF (912KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Rapid automatized naming (RAN) deficit is a dominant deficit of Chinese developmental dyslexic(DD). Two hypotheses have been put forward to account for the RAN dysfunction in dyslexic: parafoveal processing difficulty and foveal-parafoveal difficulty. In Experiment 1, the boundary paradigm was used in discrete RAN to investigate whether Chinese dyslexic had parafoveal processing deficit in discrete RAN while participants' eye movements were recorded. Three groups of children were selected as participants, i.e., children with DD, chronological age-matched children (CA), and reading level-matched children (RL). In Experiment 1, preview time and the type of preview were manipulated. The results showed that there was no evidence demonstrating that Chinese children with DD had parafoveal processing difficulty in RAN task. In Experiment 2, the boundary paradigm was used in serial RAN such that the preview information was presented firstly and target characters appeared only when the foveal processing started. We found significant phonological and orthographical priming effects for all three groups of child participants. Children with DD had clear RAN deficit with larger preview effects. Taken together, we argue that the RAN deficit of DD is caused by their foveal-parafoveal difficulty.

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The Influence of School Interpersonal Relationships on the Optimistic Tendency: Analysis of Multiple Mediation Effect ZHANG Ye, HAN Xue, LI Junya, ZHANG Shanshan 2019, 17(5):  662-667.  Abstract ( )   PDF (620KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In order to test the relationship among junior high school students' interpersonal relationship, social self-concept, sense of coherence and optimistic tendency, 1040 junior high school students in Liaoning province were investigated by using adolescent optimism scale, teacher-student relationship scale, peer relationship scale, social self-concept scale and the sense of coherence scale. The results showed that there were significant positive correlations among teacher-student relationship, peer relationship, social self-concept, sense of coherence and optimistic tendency. School interpersonal relationship, social self-concept and sense of coherence positively predicted the optimistic tendency. Social self concept and sense of coherence played multiple mediation roles between school interpersonal relationships and optimistic tendency.

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Effect of High Standards of Perfectionism on College Students’ Procrastination: Chain Mediation Effect Analysis TIAN Hongjie 2019, 17(5):  668-674.  Abstract ( )   PDF (723KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To investigate the relationship among high standards of perfectionism, adaptability of perfectionism, core self-evaluation, and procrastination behavior, 1019 college students were investigated with Aitken Procrastination Inventory, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and Core Self-evaluation Scale. The results indicated: (1) the high standard of perfectionism was positively correlated with procrastination behavior, (2) the high standard of perfectionism had no direct effect on College Students' procrastination behavior but influenced college students' procrastination behavior through two indirect paths: through the mediating role of core self-evaluation and the chain mediating role of adaptability of perfectionism and core self-evaluation.

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The Effect of Humility on College Students’ Future Work Self Salience: A Moderated Mediation Model HOU Liang, LIU Guangjian, WU Wei, DING Guifeng 2019, 17(5):  675-682.  Abstract ( )   PDF (651KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The current study aimed to examine the mediating effect of psychological availability between humility and future work self salience, and the moderating effect of proactive personality on the mediating process. A total of 221 college students were surveyed. The results showed that: (1) humility had a positive effect on future work self salience; (2) the positive relationship between humility and future work self salience was fully mediated by psychological availability; (3) proactive personality moderated the mediation role of psychological availability, such that this mediating effect was only significant for those with low level of proactive personality.

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Family Supportive Supervisor Behavior and Work Support From Spouse: The Mediating Effect of Work-Family Enrichment and the Moderating Effect of Marital Closeness FU You, SHI Yanwei, ZHOU Yin, MA Hongyu, MA Yu, YUE Shanshan, XIE Julan 2019, 17(5):  683-691.  Abstract ( )   PDF (697KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Based on resource-gain-development perspective and the interpersonal process model of intimacy, the purpose of the present study was to explore the impact mechanism of family supportive supervisor behavior (FSSB) on the work support from spouse. The current study was conducted with a questionnaire survey by taking 301 Chinese dual-earner couples as the subjects. The questionnaires included Family Supportive Supervisor Behavior Questionnaire, Work-Family Enrichment Questionnaire, Work Support from Spouse Questionnaire and Marital Closeness Questionnaire. The results showed that: (1) family supportive supervisor behavior positively predicted the work support from spouse through increased employee’s work-family enrichment; (2) marital closeness moderated the indirect effect of family supportive supervisor behavior on work support from spouse through work-family enrichment, such that the relationship between work-family enrichment and work support from spouse was stronger and positive among individuals who reported higher levels of marital closeness while it was weaker or null among those who reported lower levels of marital closeness.

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The Effect of Proactive Personality on College Students’ Procrastination: The Mediating Roles of Core Self-evaluations LUO Jie, CHEN Wei, YANG Guifang, WU Danping, LIU Tuo 2019, 17(5):  692-698.  Abstract ( )   PDF (638KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Based on the theory of proactive personality and procrastination equation, the current study introduced one mediating variable (core self-evaluations) to examine the relationship between college students’ proactive personality and procrastination. A sample of 528 college students, from three Chinese universities, were surveyed with the proactive personality questionnaire, the core self-evaluations scale, and Aitken procrastination inventory. The results showed that: (1) procrastination was negatively correlated with proactive personality and core-self evaluations, while proactive personality was positively correlated with core-self evaluations; (2) structural equation model analysis suggested that proactive personality not only have a direct effect on procrastination, but also have an indirect effect on procrastination through core self-evaluations.

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The Impact of Mobile Social Media Usage on Life Satisfaction: The Effect of Online Social Capital and Offline Social Capital KONG Fanchang, FENG Yameng, ZHAO Gai, LIU Zhaojun, WANG Yadan, ZHOU Zongkui 2019, 17(5):  699-705.  Abstract ( )   PDF (580KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To investigate the impact of mobile social media usage on life satisfaction and the mediation role of online and offline social capital, 505 undergranduate students in Hubei province were recruited conveniently to complete questionnaires. The results indicated that: (1) The relationships between mobile social media usage, online social capital, offline social capital, and life satisfaction were significantly positively related. (2) Mobile social media usage could affect life satisfaction through the mediation of offline social capital as well as the serial mediation of online and offline social capital.

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The Influence of Moral Justice and Processing Method on the Third-Party Punishment WANG Yaru, WU Zhen, ZHANG Shanshan 2019, 17(5):  706-712.  Abstract ( )   PDF (616KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study used questionnaires, situation priming and the third party punishment game paradigm, to explore the influence of the high or low moral justice and information processing methods (rational processing, empirical processing and control group) on the third party punishment under unfair conditions. The results showed that: (1) As the third party, compared to individuals with low moral justice, people with high moral justice individuals reported higher punishment under unfair conditions. (2) For individuals with high moral justice in unfair circumstance, both people using empirical processing and people in control group reported higher punishment than people using rational processing. While for individuals with high moral justice in fairness circumstance, people using empirical processing reported higher punishment either than those using rational processing or the control group. This finding suggests that cognitive-experience process and emotional process affect people’s behavior response to unfair events, but it varies with the change of situations or individuals.

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Relationship between Stress and Online Game Addiction in Male College Students: The Mediating Effects of Self-control ZHANG Xian, WEI Hua, DING Qian 2019, 17(5):  713-718.  Abstract ( )   PDF (624KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To investigate the impact of stress on online game addiction in male college students and the mediating effects of self-control at the limited resource model of self-control, 478 male college students who had been playing online games were surveyed by a stress scale for the college student, a self-control scale and an online game addiction scale. Results revealed that: (1) stress was negatively related to self-control and positively related to online game addiction; and self-control was negatively related to online game addiction. (2) stress not only directly affect online game addiction but also indirectly affect online game addiction through the mediating effect of self-control. The conclusion reveals self-control plays a mediator between stress and online game addiction in male undergraduates.