歧视知觉如何影响特殊儿童的家庭功能？孤独感和亲子亲合的作用机制

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.06.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为考察歧视知觉对特殊儿童家庭功能的影响，及特殊儿童父母的心理状况(孤独感)和亲子子系统(亲子亲合)在其中发挥的作用，对517名特殊儿童父母进行问卷调查。结果表明：(1)歧视知觉显著负向预测特殊儿童的家庭功能；(2)孤独感在歧视知觉和家庭功能之间起部分中介作用；(3)亲子亲合调节了歧视知觉和家庭功能间的直接路径。具体而言，在高亲子亲合水平下，歧视知觉对特殊儿童家庭功能的影响显著减弱；在低亲子亲合水平下，歧视知觉对特殊儿童家庭功能的影响显著增强。

关键词: 歧视知觉, 家庭功能, 孤独感, 亲子亲合, 特殊儿童父母

Abstract:

To investigate the impact of perceived discrimination on family function of children with disabilities, and to explore the role of family members’ psychological status (loneliness) and parent-child subsystem (parent-child cohesion), a questionnaire survey was conducted among 517 parents of children with disabilities. The results showed that: 1) the perceived discrimination of parents of children with disabilities had a significant negative predictive effect on family function; 2) loneliness partially mediated the relationship between perceived parental discrimination and family function in children with disabilities; 3) parent-child cohesion moderated the direct path between perceived discrimination and family function. Specifically, in the case of high parent-child cohesion, the perceived discrimination had a diminished influence on the family functioning of children with disabilities. Conversely, in the case of low parent-child cohesion, the perceived discrimination had an enhanced influence on the family functioning of children with disabilities.

Key words: perceived discrimination, family function, loneliness, parent-child cohesion, parents of children with disabilities

徐金凤, 吴添昊, 程毓可, 于冲, 关文军. 歧视知觉如何影响特殊儿童的家庭功能？孤独感和亲子亲合的作用机制[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(6): 799-805.

Jinfeng XU, Tianhao WU, Yuke CHENG, Chong YU, Wenjun GUAN. How Does Perceived Discrimination Affect the Family Function of Children with Disabilities? The Mechanism of Loneliness and Parent-Child Cohesion[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(6): 799-805.

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	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1.歧视知觉	1.75	0.63
2.孤独感	1.95	0.48	0.54***
3.亲子亲合	4.44	0.60	−0.19***	−0.24***
4.家庭功能	3.20	0.49	−0.47***	−0.59***	0.19***
5.儿童年龄			−0.05	−0.11*	0.02	0.04
6.家庭所在地			−0.07	−0.01	0.09*	−0.02	0.07
7.家庭月收入			−0.08	−0.15**	−0.08	0.13**	−0.06	−0.31***
8.家庭类型			−0.04	−0.02	0.10*	−0.08	0.02	0.04	−0.17***

	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1.歧视知觉	1.75	0.63
2.孤独感	1.95	0.48	0.54***
3.亲子亲合	4.44	0.60	−0.19***	−0.24***
4.家庭功能	3.20	0.49	−0.47***	−0.59***	0.19***
5.儿童年龄			−0.05	−0.11*	0.02	0.04
6.家庭所在地			−0.07	−0.01	0.09*	−0.02	0.07
7.家庭月收入			−0.08	−0.15**	−0.08	0.13**	−0.06	−0.31***
8.家庭类型			−0.04	−0.02	0.10*	−0.08	0.02	0.04	−0.17***

预测变量	方程1：孤独感M			方程2：家庭功能Y
预测变量	β	t	95%CI	β	t	95%CI
儿童年龄	−0.19	−2.45*	[−0.35, −0.04]	−0.04	−0.50	[−0.18, 0.11]
家庭所在地	0.01	0.08	[−0.15, 0.16]	−0.08	−1.06	[−0.22, 0.07]
家庭月收入	−0.11	−2.93**	[−0.19, −0.04]	0.02	0.53	[−0.05, 0.09]
家庭类型	−0.03	−0.44	[−0.14, 0.09]	−0.15	−2.88**	[−0.26, −0.05]
歧视知觉X	0.52	14.14***	[0.45, 0.60]	−0.22	−5.39***	[−0.30, −0.14]
孤独感M				−0.45	−10.75***	[−0.54, −0.37]
亲子亲合W				0.04	1.02	[−0.03, 0.11]
X×W				0.08	2.38*	[0.01, 0.14]
R		0.56			0.63
R²		0.31			0.40
F		45.95***			42.86***

预测变量	方程1：孤独感M			方程2：家庭功能Y
预测变量	β	t	95%CI	β	t	95%CI
儿童年龄	−0.19	−2.45*	[−0.35, −0.04]	−0.04	−0.50	[−0.18, 0.11]
家庭所在地	0.01	0.08	[−0.15, 0.16]	−0.08	−1.06	[−0.22, 0.07]
家庭月收入	−0.11	−2.93**	[−0.19, −0.04]	0.02	0.53	[−0.05, 0.09]
家庭类型	−0.03	−0.44	[−0.14, 0.09]	−0.15	−2.88**	[−0.26, −0.05]
歧视知觉X	0.52	14.14***	[0.45, 0.60]	−0.22	−5.39***	[−0.30, −0.14]
孤独感M				−0.45	−10.75***	[−0.54, −0.37]
亲子亲合W				0.04	1.02	[−0.03, 0.11]
X×W				0.08	2.38*	[0.01, 0.14]
R		0.56			0.63
R²		0.31			0.40
F		45.95***			42.86***

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