词素位置概率信息在汉语阅读中的作用：基于维语大学生的眼动证据

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.05.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究以母语为维吾尔语、二语为汉语的大学生为研究对象，通过操纵目标词的首、尾词素位置概率，考察词素位置概率信息在维语大学生汉语句子阅读中的作用。结果发现，在总注视时间、回视路径时间、回视比率、总注视次数以及首次注视位置等指标上出现显著的词素位置概率效应，并且该效应受到目标词学习次数的影响。这表明词素位置概率可以促进维语读者词切分和词汇识别过程，出现在词汇加工晚期阶段；词素位置概率可以有效引导读者眼跳目标的选择和定位。

关键词: 维语读者, 词素位置概率, 汉语阅读

Abstract:

The present study used eye tracker technique to examine whether Uyghur readers with Chinese as second language utilizes character positional probability during Chinese reading. We manipulated the character positional probability of target words, such that half target words had both high probability of being the first character of words for the initial character and being the last character of words for the final character (HH), and the other half had both low probability of being the first character of words for the initial character and being the last character of words for the final character (LL). The results showed that Uyghur readers processed HH words more easily than LL words, with shorter regression path duration and total fixation time, lower regression in and regression out probabilities, fewer total fixation counts at HH words, and closer initial landing position to the center of HH words. Such effects were influenced by learning times of target words. In conclusion, Uyghur readers can utilize character positional probability information to facilitate their late lexical processing and saccade targeting during Chinese reading.

Key words: Uyghur readers, character positional probability, Chinese reading

李馨, 龙梦灵, 梁菲菲, 王永胜. 词素位置概率信息在汉语阅读中的作用：基于维语大学生的眼动证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(5): 585-593.

Xin LI, Mengling LONG, Feifei LIANG, Yongsheng WANG. The Role of Character Positional Probability During Chinese Reading: Evidence from Eye Movements of Uyghur Readers[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(5): 585-593.

图/表 7

参考文献 0

	曹海波, 兰泽波, 高峰, 于海涛, 李鹏, 王敬欣. 词素位置概率在中文阅读中的作用: 词汇判断和眼动研究. 心理学报, 2023, 55 (2): 159- 176.
	曹海波, 任亮, 韩丹, 贾东立, 王敬欣. 词素位置概率在中文重叠歧义词识别中的作用. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20 (6): 732- 738. DOI
	李馨. (2018). 双语阅读中的眼动研究. 天津: 天津社会科学出版社.
	连坤予, 马杰, 魏玲, 张书帏, 白学军. 汉语朗读中词素位置概率线索作用的发展研究. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19 (2): 179- 185.
	梁菲菲. (2022). 儿童阅读心理学. 北京: 北京师范大学出版社.
	梁菲菲, 冯琳琳, 刘瑛, 李馨, 白学军. 阅读伴随词汇学习的词切分: 首、尾词素位置概率的不同作用. 心理学报, 2024, 56 (3): 281- 294.
	梁菲菲, 冯琳琳, 刘瑛, 王昶浩, 王洁. 词素位置概率信息在中文双字词识别中的作用: 词汇语境多样性的调节. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21 (6): 736- 743. DOI
	梁菲菲, 王永胜, 张慢慢, 闫国利, 白学军. 新词词素熟悉性影响视觉词切分线索在新词学习中的促进作用. 心理科学, 2016, 39 (2): 258- 264.
	梁菲菲, 向颖, 龙梦灵. 首词素位置概率信息未参与汉语阅读的词切分: 基于副中央凹加工的证据. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20 (3): 318- 324. DOI
	杨群, 张积家, 范丛慧. 维吾尔族与汉族的大学生在汉语歧义词消解中的语境促进效应及反应抑制效应. 心理学报, 2021, 53 (7): 746- 757.
	Barr, D. J., Levy, R., Scheepers, C., & Tily, H. J. Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal. Journal of Memory and Language, 2013, 68 (3): 255- 278. DOI
	Cai, Q., & Brysbaert, M. SUBTLEX-CH: Chinese word and character frequencies based on film subtitles. PLoS One, 2010, 5 (6): e10729. DOI
	Chu, M. M. K., & Leung, M. T. Reading strategy of Hong Kong school-aged children: The development of word-level and character-level processing. Applied Psycholinguistics, 2005, 26 (4): 505- 520. DOI
	Han, Y., Wang, Y. S., Liang, F. F., Li, X., Ma, J., & Bai, X. J. (2024). Phonological decoding does not affect incidental Chinese novel word learning in Uyghur readers: Evidence from eye movements. Reading and Writing. Advance online publication. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11145-024-10535-6
	Harm, M. W., & Seidenberg, M. S. Phonology, reading acquisition, and dyslexia: Insights from connectionist models. Psychological Review, 1999, 106 (3): 491- 528. DOI
	Joseph, H. S. S. L., Wonnacott, E., Forbes, P., & Nation, K. Becoming a written word: Eye movements reveal order of acquisition effects following incidental exposure to new words during silent reading. Cognition, 2014, 133 (1): 238- 248. DOI
	Kasisopa, B., Reilly, R. G., Luksaneeyanawin, S., & Burnham, D. Eye movements while reading an unspaced writing system: The case of Thai. Vision Research, 2013, 86, 71- 80. DOI
	Kasisopa, B., Reilly, R. G., Luksaneeyanawin, S., & Burnham, D. Child readers’ eye movements in reading Thai. Vision Research, 2016, 123, 8- 19. DOI
	Li, P., Zhang, F., Yu, A. Y., & Zhao, X. W. Language History Questionnaire (LHQ3): An enhanced tool for assessing multilingual experience. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2020, 23, 938- 944. DOI
	Li, X. S., & Pollatsek, A. An integrated model of word processing and eye-movement control during Chinese reading. Psychological Review, 2020, 127 (6): 1139- 1162. DOI
	Li, X. S., Rayner, K., & Cave, K. R. On the segmentation of Chinese words during reading. Cognitive Psychology, 2009, 58 (4): 525- 552. DOI
	Liang, F. F., Blythe, H. I., Bai, X. J., Yan, G. L., Li, X., Zang, C. L., & Liversedge, S. P. The role of character positional frequency on Chinese word learning during natural reading. PLoS One, 2017, 12 (11): e0187656. DOI
	Liang, F. F., Blythe, H. I., Zang, C. L., Bai, X. J., Yan, G. L., & Liversedge, S. P. Positional character frequency and word spacing facilitate the acquisition of novel words during Chinese children’s reading. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 2015, 27 (5): 594- 608. DOI
	Liang, F. F., Gao, Q., Li, X., Wang, Y. S., Bai, X. J., & Liversedge, S. P. (2023). The importance of the positional probability of word final (but not word initial) characters for word segmentation and identification in children and adults’ natural Chinese reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 49(1), 98–115.
	Liu, N. N., Wang, X., Yan, G. L., Paterson, K. B., & Pagán, A. Eye movements of developing Chinese readers: Effects of word frequency and predictability. Scientific Studies of Reading, 2021, 25 (3): 234- 250. DOI
	Meteyard, L., & Davies, R. A. I. Best practice guidance for linear mixed-effects models in psychological science. Journal of Memory and Language, 2020, 112, 104092. DOI
	R Development Core Team. (2014). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
	Rayner, K. Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2009, 62 (8): 1457- 1506. DOI
	Rayner, K., Li, X. S., Juhasz, B. J., & Yan, G. L. The effect of word predictability on the eye movements of Chinese readers. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2005, 12 (6): 1089- 1093.
	Yan, M., Zhou, W., Shu, H., & Kliegl, R. (2015). Perceptual span depends on font size during the reading of Chinese sentences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 41(1), 209–219.
	Yen, M. H., Radach, R., Tzeng, O. J. L., & Tsai, J. L. Usage of statistical cues for word boundary in reading Chinese sentences. Reading and Writing, 2012, 25 (5): 1007- 1029. DOI
	Zang, C. L., Liversedge, S. P., Bai, X. J., & Yan, G. L. (2011). Eye movements during Chinese reading. In S. P. Liversedge, I. Gilchrist, & S. Everling (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of eye movements (pp. 962–978). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

指标	汉语	维语
累计使用年数	14.10±2.94	19.38±1.99
沉浸率	0.70±0.11	0.85±0.08
主导度	0.61±0.13	0.40±0.11
熟练度	0.75±0.13	0.68±0.19
流畅性(字/3分钟)	415.3±74.2

指标	汉语	维语
累计使用年数	14.10±2.94	19.38±1.99
沉浸率	0.70±0.11	0.85±0.08
主导度	0.61±0.13	0.40±0.11
熟练度	0.75±0.13	0.68±0.19
流畅性(字/3分钟)	415.3±74.2

信息类型		目标词类型
信息类型		首高尾高(HH词)	首低尾低(LL词)
首字	词首概率	0.94±0.04	0.10±0.03
	构词力	23.75±9.76	23.88±10.89
	笔画数	7.00±2.56	7.31±2.44
	字频(次/百万字)	12.61±14.43	12.56±13.55
尾字	词尾概率	0.94±0.04	0.12±0.04
	构词力	26.19±11.11	24.50±9.43
	笔画数	9.69±2.30	9.00±2.53
	字频(次/百万字)	7.23±11.16	7.76±11.10
整词	构词力	49.94±15.62	48.38±10.38
整词	笔画数	16.69±3.84	16.31±3.50

信息类型		目标词类型
信息类型		首高尾高(HH词)	首低尾低(LL词)
首字	词首概率	0.94±0.04	0.10±0.03
	构词力	23.75±9.76	23.88±10.89
	笔画数	7.00±2.56	7.31±2.44
	字频(次/百万字)	12.61±14.43	12.56±13.55
尾字	词尾概率	0.94±0.04	0.12±0.04
	构词力	26.19±11.11	24.50±9.43
	笔画数	9.69±2.30	9.00±2.53
	字频(次/百万字)	7.23±11.16	7.76±11.10
整词	构词力	49.94±15.62	48.38±10.38
整词	笔画数	16.69±3.84	16.31±3.50

句子编号	实验句
1	园艺师花重金购入牵堡打造精品观光园，吸引了众多旅客。
2	任凭风吹雨打，悬崖峭壁上那株牵堡依然坚韧不拔地长在那里。
3	多雨潮湿的草地和覆盖腐殖质的岩石变成牵堡迅速生长的温床。
4	仔细观察可以发现牵堡内部的花蕊仿佛是一只展翅欲飞的鸽子。
5	云南有一种特产就是选用牵堡成熟后的花朵和茎叶作为馅料。
6	如果想美化室内环境，可以在花盆里种一些牵堡摆在客厅里。
语义类别选择题	请选择：“牵堡”属于以下哪个类别？体育项目植物厨具文具