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20 September 2014, Volume 12 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Feature Presentation on Category Perceptual Representation Chen Lin, Zhong Luojin, Li You, Mo Lei 2014, 12(5):  577-582.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2305KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The effect of feature presentation on category perceptual representation was investigated in a blocking paradigm in which one defining dimension could perfectly classify all exemplars into two categories. In experiment 1, participants were assigned to learn two categories with features presented sequentially or randomly, which may require different working memory. However, the results showed that some nondefining features were learned regardless of the feature presentation. Experiment 2 fixed the defining feature on the top of each exemplar. A strong blocking was found in the sequential condition and none nondefining feature was learned. It indicated that sequential feature presentation induced overall similarity processing, whereas random feature presentation promoted analytic processing.

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Brain Mechanism of Response Conflict and Stimulus Conflict: Evidence from an Event-Related Potential Study Qiu Guifeng,Zhang Qinglin 2014, 12(5):  583-587.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1644KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In the present study,the event-related potential(ERP) and flanker task was used to investigate the neural correlation of response conflict and stimulus conflict.Compared with the no conflict condition,behaviourally, there was obvious interference effect of the two conflict conditions.The brain electricity data showed that:response conflict elicited a more negative ERP deflection than did the no conflict task in the time window from 300-450ms, and dipole source analysis of difference wave indicated that one generator localized in ACC. Stimulus conflict elicited a more negative ERP deflection than did the no conflict task in the time window from 350-450ms, and dipole source analysis of difference wave indicated that one generator localized in thalamus. This result indicated that different conflicts may related to different brain mechanism.

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Impacts of Intervention to the Contents of Memory on Emotions Induced by Negative Stimulations Guo Cuicui,Wang Youzhi 2014, 12(5):  588-592.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1904KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The study exams the role of memory in the occurrence and regulation of emotions and how cognition style and intervention to the contents of memory impact negative emotional level induced by negative stimulations, participants accept one of positive intervention, negative intervention and non-intervention. The results show that intervention type has a significant main impact on negative emotions, participants who accept positive intervention and non-intervention would lead to produce more lower level of negative emotions than those who accept negative intervention and the score difference of positive intervention and non-intervention is not significant. Cognition style, sex and intervention order have no significant impact on both positive and negative emotions. To sum up, intervention to the contents of memory influences emotional level. Accepting positive intervention can produce more lower negative emotional level than those who accept negative intervention, positive intervention to the contents of memory influences negative emotional level.

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The Role of Attentional Shift in Producing Negative Compatibility Effect: Independent or Accompanied Liu Peng,Wang Yonghui,Wang Yongchun,Wei Lianyu,Di meilin 2014, 12(5):  593-600.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3394KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Current study aimed to clarify whether attentional shift could independently trigger an NCE (attentional shift hypothesis) or it is merely accompanied by an inhibitory procedure (this candidate is predicted by the premotor theory). Experiment 1 used a classical NCE paradigm with mixing a non-directional target. The design manipulated the relationship between prime and target. Results showed shortest mean RT in incompatible trials, longer RT in neutral and longest in compatible trials. Results demonstrated that motor inhibition was primarily responsible in producing NCE in this experimental paradigm. Experiment 2 used similar paradigm as used in the first experiment with mixing a new type of target (plus sign presented at left, central or right side of the screen). Results showed a similar compatibility pattern between arrow and plus targets gauged by RTs. These results did not match the attentional shift hypothesis, but supported the premotor theory. The latter claimed that the attentional shift is accompanied by an inhibitory procedure, furthermore, similar processing modes are shared between the attentional shift and the motor inhibition in the NCE processing.

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The influence of Emotions and Cognitive Styles on Advice Taking Yan Tingting, Du Xiufang, Li Jia 2014, 12(5):  601-608.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3184KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Two experiments were designed to explore the influence of emotions and cognitive styles on people’s advice taking. The emotions were induced by watching different movies video clips. Experiment 1 used choice task, and experiment 2 used estimation task. The results indicated that: (1) The subjects with happiness were more likely to accept other’s advice than the angry subjects. Field-dependent subjects were more likely to accept other’s advice than the field-independent subjects. Females were more likely to accept other’s advice than males. (2) In the estimation task, the degree of advice taking between the field-dependent subjects and field-independent subjects was no significant difference when they were in the state of anger, but was lower than in the state of happiness.

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The Spatiotemporal Features of Moral Purity Processing After Physical Cleansing Priming:Evidence of ERPs Yan Zhixiong, Yan Liangshi,Fan Wei, Ding Daoqun, Zou Xia 2014, 12(5):  609-615.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2374KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study adopted the event-related potential technology and semantic priming paradigm to explore the neural mechanisms and the characteristics between physical cleaning and moral purifying. The research attempted to identify the feeling of moral purity after physical cleaning priming through four types of stimuli, priming words (physical cleaning words VS non physical cleaning words) and the target words (moral purifying words VS non-words). The difference of N1, N400 component was regarded as index to determine internal relations between physical cleaning and moral purifying. The N400 amplitude showed significant interactions of the priming words × the target words. The N400 amplitude of physical cleaning words was lesser to non-physical cleaning words when the moral-purify words as target words. The results indicated that there are strong relations between physical cleaning and moral purify. The sense of moral purifying would be strengthened after physical cleaning.

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A Research on the Influence of Creative Tendency on Prototype Position Effect in Scientific Problem-Solving Zhu Haixue, Zhang Qinglin 2014, 12(5):  616-620.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1929KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In order to test the relation between creativity tendency and prototype position, we used technological problems and adopted “one-one” paradigm in the experiment. In this study, we investigated different creativity tendency individuals’ prototype position in creativity problem-solving. Creativity tendency consisted of four factors: venturesome, curiosity, imagination, and challenge. The results showed that under the experimental condition, the prototype position effect was affected by creative tendency, curiosity, challenge and was more significant by the decreasing of the amount of them;however, no significant influence of venturesome, imagination on prototype position effect was found.

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Chinese Adult Mental Health Diathesis Assessment System:A National Sampling Survey Report of Chinese Adults Cognitive Style Li Zhen, Liu Xinchun, Zhai Ruilong,Liu Fang, Deng Jingjing, Cheng Cheng, Yang Li 2014, 12(5):  621-626.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2105KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Using Cognitive Style Questionnaire for Chinese Adults of Mental Health Diathesis Assessment System, this study investigated 6432 Chinese adults from 28 different provinces including municipalities and autonomous regions all over China. Results indicated that: The overall level of the cognitive style for Chinese adults is well. We examined the differences of cognitive style among participants with different demographics, and the results showed, 1) Female participants got higher scores on catastrophing dimension than male participants;2) As age increased, peoples cognitive style total score and scores of all the dimensions also increased;3) Rural participants got higher scores on the overall and all the dimensions than urban participants;4) As education background increased, peoples cognitive style overall score and scores of all the dimensions also significantly increased;5) Age and education background had interacted effects in selective abstraction dimension, and the elderly group who hold primary school education got the highest score.

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The Behavior Experiment of Social Interaction in College Social Delay Students Lian Rong, Liu Jianrong 2014, 12(5):  627-632.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2144KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics 60 college students joined in this research. They were measured by the Scale of College Students’ Social Development firstly. Then they joined in the behavior experiment. The results showed as follow: The first, only facial expression in the interaction with female was influenced by the type of college students social development. And the behaviors interacting with different individuals were influenced by the type of social cognition, social feeling and social behavior. The second, the same behaviors interacting with different individuals were partly influenced by the type of social development. The third, social delay students showed indifferent or excessive enthusiasm to the experiment task.

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The Relation between Big Five Traits and Well-being across the Life Span Chen Zhixia, Li Qiming 2014, 12(5):  633-638.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2127KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In the current study, we examine the relationship between personality traits and subjective well-being and psychological well-being from a life span perspective. A total of 3192 Chinese residents took part in this study from 41 cities in the country 17 provinces and municipalities. And they completed the subjective well-being scale and big five-factor inventory. It took about 20 minutes to complete the questionnaires. The correlations among factors were calculated with SPSS 16.0 and Structural equation model was applied to deal with all data. In the analysis of structural equation modeling, seven models were constructed. As predicted, personality traits were significantly associated with subjective well-being with the different age groups of Chinese residents. And then Structural equation models revealed that ages play a moderating role between personality traits and subjective well-being, and the total effect value was different. In conclusion, this research indicates that personality traits were associated with greater happiness across the life span, and personality traits were one of the best predictors. This study provides new insights into personal traits as predictors of well-being. Especially, this study addressed some limitations of previous studies. Importantly, this study also helps clarify questions about relationships between subjective well-being and personal traits from a life span perspective. These findings provide an important step in the understanding relationships between subjective well-being and personal traits, these results also provides some empirical evidences sinicization research and cross-cultural comparison.

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The Perception to Definition of Qifu Phenomenon from Primary and Junior Middle Students Chen Guanghui 2014, 12(5):  639-644.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2263KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Bullying is a common phenomenon with relatively high prevalence in all countries investigated, however, the cross-linguistic differences of definitions was usually neglected. In China, the relative researches were completely based on the definition, theories and measures of bullying, and qifu was used as the counterpart. This paper was aimed at investigating the definition and characteristics of qifu in Chinese by interviewing the primary and junior middle school students. The present study found that the phenomenon of qifu is that the strong harms the weak intentionally, and the weak suffered injury. The three defined characteristics of qifu are intentionality, suffering, and imbalance of power between perpetrators and victims, while repetition, indefensibility, and immorality are only accompanying characteristics. Conclusion: qifu phenomenon in Chinese circumstance was different from bullying in English.

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Development of Preview Effects on Different Type Words during Elementary School Years in Chinese Reading: Evidence from Eye Movements Zhang Qiaoming, Cui Lei 2014, 12(5):  645-651.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2455KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In the present study, the boundary technique was used to explore the preview effects of different type words in Chinese reading. Sixty primary school students participated in the experiment. Their eye movements were recorded with a SR Research EyeLink 2K eye tracker. Eighty sentences were presented to examine the preview effects of participants in different conditions.The results showed: 1) Reading efficiency of primary school students was increased with the development of age. 2) Preview effects were obtained in all conditions. 3) Preview effect was equal for monomorphemic words, compound words and phrases. 4) Marginal significant parafoveal-on-foveal effect were found for words. To some extent, the current study’s results support the serial processing model.

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Cue Learning and Place Learning in Children’s Spatial Location Coding in a Rotation Task Wang Quanquan, Hu Qingfen, Liu Jing 2014, 12(5):  652-659.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2939KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Two experiments were conducted to investigate how young children use landmarks to code a spatial location in a rotation set. Three age groups of children (4-, 5- and 6-year-olds) were tested. The results were as follows: 1) Children used cue learning much better than place learning;2) 4-year-olds could use cue learning to code target locations while place learning was not acquired until 6 years old;3) Cues which were salient could increase children’s cue learning.

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Survey on the Life Satisfaction of Primary and Middle School Students at Present Meng Siqing 2014, 12(5):  659-664.  Abstract ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In order to understand situation of life satisfaction of the primary and middle school students, we surveyed 10249 schoolchildren in China. We define life satisfaction by happy mood of the primary and middle school students. Results showed: 85% of the primary and middle school students live happy or relatively happy, 72.3% of the primary and middle school students have the annoying things. There are distinct differences between grade, sex and district by testing;The most annoying things of the primary and middle school students that ranked first three places are respectively: study tensely, the parents highly expectations, no friendship between the classmates;The most annoying things of the primary and middle school students that happy mood is related sequence are successively: study tensely;the parents high expectations;tensely familys atmospheres and no friendship between the classmates.

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The Relationship Between Competencies of Mental Health Service Providers and Service Satisfaction Zhang Ailian, Huang Xiting 2014, 12(5):  665-670.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2241KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To investigate the relationship between competencies of mental health service providers and service satisfaction, some mental health service providers and their clients were surveyed. The results showed that the total points of mental health service providers’ competencies were positively correlated with their own service satisfaction and client satisfaction, and the relation with their own service satisfaction reached the significant level. The mental health service providers that got high score in competency had a significantly higher own service satisfaction than the low score group did. Most of the competency items significantly related with mental health service providers’ own service satisfaction were associated with knowledge and skills. All of the competency items significantly related with client satisfaction were associated with counseling relationship.

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The Influence of Psychological Distance on Regret Duan Jinyun, Wang Xuepeng, Gu Xiaohua 2014, 12(5):  671-674.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1324KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Regret is a kind of cognitive emotion which occurs when the outcome will be better than it was if one made a different choice. Individuals interpretation to the situation affects judgment and decision making, sequentially affects the intensity of regret. Construal Level Theory (CLT) is a social cognitive theory which assumes that the psychological distance perceived from the objects or events can make people product different construal levels, and then influence judgment and decision making. The research based on the CLT explored how psychological distance influences individuals regret intensity. This study was operated from four dimensions of psychological distance (temporal, spatial and social distance, probability), and we surveyed 302 students from Soochow University and picked up 275 valid data. Every participant should finish one of the situational questionnaires randomly. The results showed that Individuals experience more regret under the near temporal, spatial, social distance and high possibility condition. Future study should confirm these findings by other methods of experiment and explore the other factors affecting the regret.

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Policy Justice: Concept, Measurement, and Effect on Distributive Justice Zhou Hao, Long Lirong 2014, 12(5):  675-681.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2350KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Based on large body of literature review and theoretical analysis, a 6-item policy justice scale was developed firstly, and then the relation between policy justice and distributive justice was examined. The result showed that policy justice was the most important predictor of distributive justice, and the effect of procedural and interactional justice was significant only on the condition of policy injustice. It can be implied that, there are two ways to promote employees’ perception of policy justice. First, improve the basic practice of human resource management. Second, promote employees’ identification with organization’s distributive concept by recruitment and training.

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Effect of Group Potency on Team Innovation Performance: The Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership Liu Hui,Zhang Liang 2014, 12(5):  682-687.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2011KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics From the perspective of inherent drive of team innovation, the study explores the relationship between group potency and team performance, and investigates the role of transformational leadership on this relationship. The study found that group potency and team performance have a strongly positive correlation, which is moderated by transformational leadership. High level of transformational performance reinforces the relationship between group potency and team innovation performance;while low level of transformational performance weakens the relationship.

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Research on Factors Influenced Reemployment Intention of the Urban Retirees Chen Shiping, Wei Shi, Wang Xiaozhuang 2014, 12(5):  688-694.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2343KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics For developing the human resources and promoting the life quality of the retirees, the present study invested the reemployment intention of the urban retirees with the scale of urban retirees reemployment self-efficacy. The factors that influenced the reemployment intention of the retirees were explored, and their interrelation were analyzed. The results found that male retirees had stronger intention than the female retirees. The lower age, the stronger reemployment intention. Professional technique had greater influence to the reemployment intention than education. Reemployment chances, attitude, self-efficacy and support of others could predict the reemployment intention of the retirees. The study showed that reemployment self-efficacy could influence reemployment intention via reemployment attitude;instrumental attitude could influence reemployment intention via emotional attitude;external factors (reemployment chance, support of others) could influence reemployment intention via internal factor (reemployment self-efficacy).

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Measurement for Music-induced Emotions and Its Interacting Factors Yu Yue, Jiang Yuan, Fang Ping, He Qiong, Zhang Kun 2014, 12(5):  695-700.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2282KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Using music to evoke emotion is effective and special emotion induction methods. This article systematically analyzes major measurements for the music-induced emotions, such as self-report, physiological and fMRI. In addition, an emerging measurement for music-specific emotion is introduced in this review. Furthermore, the factors that influence the music-induced emotions are pointed out. Finally,we put forward some solution include the consistency of theoratical model, the combination of multiple methods, making use of effective music materials and foucs on the context and listeners background. And make a prospect for the future study in measuring music-induced emotions.

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Definition, Function and Application of μ Suppression ——To Reveal the Mechanism and Significance of Mirror Neuron System Guan Qun, Yao Ru, Meng Wanjin 2014, 12(5):  701-706.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2220KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In recent years, researchers are very keen on studies of mirror neuron system. The latest trend of research is to explore the association between the μ rhythm and the function of the mirror neuron system activities. The paper claims for the argument that μ rhythm is a crucial indicator of higher-level neural system activities. It first introduces the definition of μ suppression in contrast to the alpha rhythm, emphasizes the functional concept of μ suppression, reviews the major evidence of μ suppression as signposts of mirror neuron system activities in three aspects (i.e., action, language cognition, and advanced social function), finally pinpoints its application of adopting μ suppression training and intervention to deal with behavioral and psychological disabilities.

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Measurement of the Onset of LRP : Jackknife Lv Bo, Liu Mingxia, Liu Lisha, Zheng Hong, Jiang Zhongqing 2014, 12(5):  707-711.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1396KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Jacknife is a parameter estimation method proposed by Quenouille, and was applied by Miller in 1998 for the first time in the measurement of the onset of lateralized readiness potential (LRP). Its a new statistical method relative to the previous single subject method. This paper introduced the statistics principles and basic process of jackknife, compared the differences with single subject procedures, and prospected the development of this method in future.

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Development, Research Paradigms and Neural Mechanisms of Adults Theory of Mind Zheng Yuwei, Wang Yiwen 2014, 12(5):  712-719.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3019KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The adults theory of mind is critical to social interactions and social adaptation. With the development of cognitive ability and brain, theory of mind presents a continuous development tendency. The researchers take many research paradigms measured the adults theory of mind. In the ToM condition, the adolescents showed increased activity in the posterior part of the MPFC and the adults showed increased activity in the right STS. According to the findings, the scholars have constructed two components cognitive model、shared circuits and midline structure model and multi-level model to explain the adults theory of mind. In the future, the studies of adults theory of mind should develop research paradigms to reveal the relationship between theory of mind and living environment, the neural mechanisms of theory of mind, age characteristics of theory of mind and the characteristics of reading the interactive-mind.