Archive

20 September 2018, Volume 16 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

---

For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

Select

The Visual Magnocellular-dorsal Pathway Function in Chinese Children with Developmental Dyslexia JI Yuzhu, ZHANG Yiwei, BI Hongyan 2018, 16(5):  577-582.  Abstract ( )   PDF (499KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Developmental dyslexia is a specific impairment in the acquisition of reading skills. The causes leading to this impairment have always been a core issue in this field. More and more research have revealed there is a strong relationship between visual magnocellular-dorsal pathway function and reading related skills. The magnocellular-dorsal pathway deficit might be one of the main reasons resulting in dyslexia. A number of studies also find the magnocellular-dorsal pathway deficit in Chinese children with developmental dyslexia. We review the studies about the function of visual magnocellular-dorsal pathway in Chinese children with dyslexia in the recent years, and propose some critical issues which are needed to be addressed in the future.

Select

The Temporal Processing Deficit in Chinese Children with Developmental Dyslexia: Evidence from Perceptual Learning Studies ZHANG Manli, MENG Xiangzhi, ZHENG Xiaobei 2018, 16(5):  583-593,623.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1362KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Previous research has shown that the temporal processing of auditory stimuli is impaired in population with dyslexia. But until now, the amodality, cross-linguistic generality, as well as the intervention prospects and the underlying mechanisms of this specific deficit are still unclear. The current paper summarizes three perceptual learning studies using either auditory or visual temporal processing paradigms conducted in Chinese dyslexia children, with a major focus on the transfer effect to reading performances. Based on comprehensive analysis and discussion on the relation between temporal processing skills and reading difficulties, along with the cognitive mechanism that affects reading development, several ideas for future research are proposed to enrich the theoretical construction of this field.

Select

The Effects of Word Segmentation on Chinese Developmental Dyslexia: A comparison in Oral and Silent Sentence Reading BAI Xuejun, ZHANG Mingzhe, MENG Hongxia, TAN Ke, WANG Wen 2018, 16(5):  594-602.  Abstract ( )   PDF (771KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In this study, selecting dyslexic children in 5th grade with their corresponding reading level-matched group and age-matched group as subjects, the effects of word segmentation on silent reading and oral reading were discussed. Eye movement was recorded when they read sentences using Eyelink 2000. The results indicated that total fixation duration was shorter, and total number of fixations and number of forward fixations were less for age-matched group than dyslexic group. Children had more difficulties when they read loudly than read silently. Word segmentation had facilitating effect on oral reading.

Select

The Modulation of Visual Complexity and Character-Spacing on the Visual Crowding Effect of Chinese-Speaking Children with Developmental Dyslexia: Evidence from Eye Movements GUO Zhiying, TAN Ke, SONG Xing, PENG Guohui, BAI Xuejun 2018, 16(5):  603-611.  Abstract ( )   PDF (651KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Visual crowding effect (VCE) is defined as the identification of a center letter being interfered by its flanking letters. Previous studies in alphabetical system languages showed that dyslexics are more influenced by VCE than controls due to their underlying visual deficits. Unlike English, Chinese is a densely-packed language and readers maybe more rely on visual processing to recognize characters, it has found that Chinese dyslexics might exhibit more pronounced visual crowding effect (VCE). In experiment, we manipulate visual complexity of text and character-spacing (default、±3 pt、±6 pt、+12 pt) on Chinese dyslexic children to examine whether visual complexity and character-spacing modulated the VCE in Chinese sentence reading. The results showed that:1) Chinese dyslexics' performances were more influenced by VCE than controls when they read low complexity and high complexity text; 2) Under low complexity text condition, with the character-spacing increased, spacing +6 pt led to worse reading performance for dyslexics, while spacing +12 pt didn't, indicating that enlarging character-spacing facilitates reading performances.The results indicated that 1) low complexity text and character-spacing facilitate the good reading performances for dyslexics; 2) visual complexity and character-spacing modulate the visual crowding effect of dyslexics; 3) the quantity relationship of character-spacing and the VCE need to be further studied.

Select

Effects of Semantic Transparency and Structure Type of the Phonogram on Phonological Activation of Semantic Radicals ZHANG Yuzhi, ZHANG Jijia 2018, 16(5):  612-617.  Abstract ( )   PDF (525KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study used primed-naming paradigm to explore effect of semantic transparency and structure type of the phonogram on phonological activation process of semantic radicals. It was found that:the semantic radicals' pronunciation of both transparent and opaque phonograms were activated in SOA=50 ms; when SOA=100 ms, the pronunciation activation within the transparent phonogram was still significant, while that within the opaque phonogram was disappeared; At the time of SOA=300, the pronunciation activation of both types of the phonograms completely disappeared. Semantic radical's pronunciation of the SP phonogram was activated at both SOA=50 ms and SOA=100 ms, while that of the PS phonogram was only slightly activated at SOA=50 ms.

Select

The Influence of Writing Habit on SNARC Effect in Numbers Spatial Representation LI Yajun, LIU Yang, WEN Suxia 2018, 16(5):  618-623.  Abstract ( )   PDF (555KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This paper designs two experiments, uses "magnitude judgment" paradigm, selects the Uygur and Han college students to explore the consistency and difference of the SNARC effect between Arabia digital number and their mother tongue numeral. The results showed that:1) To the Arabic numerals, the Uygur and Han subjects showed larger numbers are faster responded to with the right hand while smaller numbers are faster responded to with the left, indicating a SNARC effect; 2) The Uygur subjects to their native-language numbers showed smaller numbers are slower responded than larger numbers with the left hand while faster with the right hand, indicating a reversal SNARC effect; The Han subjects to their native-language numbers showed smaller numbers are faster responded than larger numbers with the left hand while slower with the right hand, indicating a SNARC effect. Conclusions:1) Uygur and Han subjects are consistent for the SNARC effect of Arabia numbers. 2) Uygur and Han subjects are different for the SNARC effect of native-numbers. 3) Numbers spatial correspondence and writing habits are important factors leading to the results.

Select

The Gender Difference Between Conditional Acquisition of Disgust and Fear: An ERPs Investigation ZENG Qing, ZHENG Xifu 2018, 16(5):  624-631.  Abstract ( )   PDF (620KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In this study, we adopt classical conditioned acquisition model and used the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique to study the gender difference between conditional of disgust and conditional acquisition of fear. The behavior date suggested that all the participants were in successful emotionality conditioning and the women's arousal of the acquisition emotions is much larger than the men's. The ERPs data indicate that women show great differences in the amplitude of N2 caused separately by disgust, fear and neutral emotions; but men show significant differences between conditional disgust and neutral emotions, but no differences between fear and neutral emotions.

Select

The Effect of Emotion on Trust: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis YUAN Bo, SUN Xiangchao, YOU Ran, LIU Fuhui, LI Weiqiang 2018, 16(5):  632-643.  Abstract ( )   PDF (886KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics A meta-analysis was conducted to explore the effect of emotion (positive and negative) on trust, as well as potential moderators of this effect. A literature research yielded 21 qualified papers with 70 effect sizes and 4745 participants. Heterogeneity test indicated that a random effects model was appropriate for the meta-analysis. Results demonstrated that the positive emotion had a positive effect on trust compared to neutral emotion with a medium effect size (d=0.49, p<0.001). The negative emotion had a negative effect on trust compared to neutral emotion with a small effect size (d=-0.23, p<0.05). Moderator analysis indicated that the type of emotion induced, the type of trust measurement and the familiarity of trustee had no moderate effect.

Select

The Judgment of the Disadvantaged Moderates the Moral Judgment Under Different Semantic Priming of Moral Values XIE Xiaoming, HE Weijie, XIAO Qianguo 2018, 16(5):  644-649,693.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1136KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The moral judgment involving to the disadvantaged was investigated under the two conditions of moral value priming (fairness vs. careness) in the current study. It suggested that fairness-orientated semantic priming resulted in a more rigorous moral judgment, which did not effected by the judgment of the state of the disadvantaged. However, the moral judgment under the careness-orientated moral semantic priming was moderated by the judgment of the state of the disadvantaged. It suggested that the moral value context is a significant contextual factor that need to be valued in the study of moral judgment.

Select

The Developments of 3 to 6 Year-old Children's Episodic Memory and Monitoring JIN Xuelian, JIANG Yingjie, WANG Zhiwei 2018, 16(5):  650-656.  Abstract ( )   PDF (763KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The aim of this study is to test the item memory, source memory, and monitoring capacity of three to six year-old children. In the current study, participants were asked to remember images and their background colors. Then they were given a series of recognition test about the image and the color which were followed by their judgment of confidence on each answer. Results showed that the children's episodic memory and monitoring developed gradually with their age. Specifically, three-year-old children already have the ability to remember items accurately, four to six years old's item memory ability is significantly better than three years old'. As for source memory, only when children grow up to six year old can they develop effective source memory. Differently, children aged three to six can monitor their item memory with comparatively higher accuracy of aged four to six than three. As accuracy of monitoring on source memory, there is no significant difference between three to five year-old children but a sharp increase on six year-old children. In conclusion, although the ability of remembering items and sources as well as their monitoring increased with children's age from three to six, the development of children's effective monitoring and their source memory is slower than their item memory.

Select

Language Impacts the Development of Delayed Gratification Among the Yi, Bai and Naxi Ethnic on 4~6 Years Old LI Quan, SONG Wu, LIAN Bin, FENG Tingyong 2018, 16(5):  657-664.  Abstract ( )   PDF (768KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The study adopted the standard paradigm of delayed gratification to investigate developmental characteristic and cross-cultural comparison. There is 272 participants, aged from 4 to 6 years old. The results showed that, 1) at the selection stage of delayed gratification, three ethnic showed the same tendency of choice,more than 95% participants choose "delay of gratification"; 2) At the maintain stage of delayed gratification,At aged of 4~5 years old,the waiting time of Bai and Naxi ethnic were significantly longer than Yi; at age of 6 years old, three minorities had no significant difference; 3) Covariance analysis showed that main minority effect was not significant, the main age effect was not significant, and the interaction between minority and age were not significant, with treating language as concomitant variable. On the whole, these results indicate that Yi, Bai, Naxi children age from 4 to 6 years showed considerable value evaluation ability, but the ability of delayed gratification showed the ethnic differences at age from 4 to 5 years old. Results suggest that children's language and their own life history strategies may account for the difference on delay gratification.

Select

A Multivariate Generalizability Analysis of the Adolescent Student Burnout Inventory LUO Jie, ZHOU Yuan, CHEN Wei, PAN Yun, ZHAO Shouying 2018, 16(5):  665-669,712.  Abstract ( )   PDF (904KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The primary purpose of this paper is to use Multivariate Generalizability Theory (MGT) to explore the psychometric properties of Adolescent Student Burnout Inventory (ASBI). The results indicated that:the generalizability coefficient and the index of dependability were good for each factor and the whole scale, and they could be used for the norm-referenced test and the criterion-referenced test; The component proportion of each factor in the scale was not good, the contribution of reduced efficacy in the universe score was lower than its proportion in the total scores, the variance of reduced efficacy was the biggest in the relative error variance contribution, the variance of learning cynicism was the biggest in the absolute error variance contribution. In future, the revision of the ASBI, researcher must not only improve the quality of learning cynicism and reduced efficacy, but also increase the item number of exhaustion, to enhance the reliability of the scale.

Select

Revision of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory Among Teachers in Wen-chuan Earthquake CHEN Qiu-yan, ZHANG Chen-guang, CHENG Ke 2018, 16(5):  670-677.  Abstract ( )   PDF (870KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study aimed to revise Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) in teachers in the worst-hit area of wen-chuan Earthquake. "PTGI" together with "IES-R" were administrated among 2 samples of teachers in 5 Worst-hit cities. Sample 1 (N=560) was used for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), whereas Sample 2 (N=528) was used for Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA). Results showed that three-factor model of PTGI (cherishing and appreciation, personal strength, spiritual growth) fit the data better than the original 5-factor model; all the internal consistency reliability reached the criterions of psychological assessment; and PTGI and its various dimensions were significantly correlated with PTSD. In consequence, the Chinese version of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory is reliable and valid to be a potentially good instrument to measure posttraumatic growth among adults experiencing natural disasters.

Select

Perceptions of Organizational Politics and Turnover Intentions Among Rural Teachers: Organizational Justice and Organizational Identity as Mediators ZHANG Feng, GENG Xiaowei 2018, 16(5):  678-683.  Abstract ( )   PDF (698KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Sampling 353 rural teachers and using structural equation model, the present study investigated the influence of perceptions of organizational politics on turnover intentions among rural teachers and the mediating role of organizational justice and organizational identity. Results showed that 1) perceptions of organizational politics was positively related to turnover intention and negatively related to organizational justice; organizational justice was positively related to organizational identity; organizational justice and organizational identity were negatively related to turnover intention respectively; 2) the relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and turnover intentions among rural teachers was mediated by organizational justice and organizational identity.

Select

Psychological Health Diathesis Assessment System: Establishing the Profile of the Chinese Adults' Psychological Core Health Diathesis Scale ZHANG Xiuge, LIANG Baoyong 2018, 16(5):  684-693.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1017KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The purpose of this study was to draw the Profile of the Chinese adults'psychological core health diathesis scale, and to list a few typical examples of the profiles. To draw the Profile, first of all, the subject's Original points was converted into a standard T points. According to the level classification of the standard T scores, it can be divided into five types:very highly development type, highly development type, medium development type, low development type and very low development type. According to the relationship between the scores of each subscales, it can be divided into two categories:balanced development and unbalanced development. Among them, the balanced development type included balanced high development type, balanced moderate development type and balanced low development type; The unbalanced development had high self concept and low interpersonal health diathesis type and so on. The profiles had obvious application value to the special professional talent selection and national psychological health education.

Select

The Component and Relationship Between Explicit and Implicit Stigma Toward Mental Illness Based on Semantic Difference Scale DONG Shenghong, WU Jie, ZHU Hongjian, WANG Yan 2018, 16(5):  694-700.  Abstract ( )   PDF (584KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The purpose of this paper is to explore the components of the explicit and implicit stigma toward mental illness, and the relationship between them. The semantic difference method was used to develop the mental illness stigma semantic difference scale, which could measure the explicit stigma. In the meanwhile, in order to measure the implicit stigma, we developed the Single Category Implicit Association Test by using the word pairs form the stigma semantic difference scale. The results indicated that:the three-dimension model of explicit stigma has a good degree of fitting (χ2/df=2.99, RMSEA=0.075, CFI=0.918, TLI=0.902), and the three-dimension model of implicit stigma also fits well (χ2/df=2.272, RMSEA=0.071, CFI=0.857, TLI=0.833), which has the same components of the explicit stigma consisting by cognitive evaluation, emotional experience, and behavior reaction. The cognitive evaluation of explicit stigma is correlated with the cognitive evaluation of implicit stigma (r=0.436, p<0.05). However, there is no significant correlation between the explicit stigma and other dimensions of the implicit stigma.

Select

Do Employees' Innovative Behavior Result From Leaders' Emotional Trust? The Moderation Role of Both Risk Propensity and Organizational Behavioral Empowerment LI Hongli, WANG Xing, DONG Lijuan, YANG Lan 2018, 16(5):  701-712.  Abstract ( )   PDF (738KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics When leaders emotionally trust employees, employees may be more creative and exhibit more innovative behaviors. However, this positive relationship between emotional trust from leader and employee's innovative behavior may be moderated by employee's risk propensity and organizational behavioral empowerment climate. The data was collected from 318 employees paired with 39 immediate leaders from different industries. The results showed that 1) emotional trust from leader was positively related to the employees' innovation behavior; 2) the three-ways interaction effect of leaders' emotional trust, organizational behavioral empowerment climate and employees' risk propensity on employees ‘innovative behavior was significantly positive. More specifically, when employees with higher risk propensity work in higher organizational behavioral empowerment climate, leaders’ emotional trust could enhance their innovative behavior more strongly. We also discussed the theoretical implication of this study and also provided the guidance on how enterprises and leaders increase employees' innovative behavior.

Select

The Impact of Authoritarian Leadership on Employee's Silence Behavior: A Study of a Moderated Mediating Effect LI Zongbo, WANG Minghui 2018, 16(5):  713-719.  Abstract ( )   PDF (635KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Drawing on 249 dyads of employees and their immediate supervisors, the study attempts to probe the mechanism of the impact of the authoritarian leadership on employees' silence behavior, especially to explore the mediating role of the affect-based trust and the moderating role of the employees' power distance in Chinese organizational context. The results indicate that:1) Authoritarian leadership has a positive effect on employees' silence behavior. 2) Affect-based trust with the supervisor plays a full mediating role between authoritarian leadership and employees' silence behavior. 3) Power distance moderates the relationship between authoritarian leadership and affect-based trust. Specifically, authoritarian leadership is more negatively related to affect-based trust when power distance is high. 4) Power distance moderated the mediating role of affect-based trust in the relationship between authoritarian leadership and employees' silence behavior. That is, the higher the employees' power distance is, the stronger the mediating effect of affect-based trust with the supervisor.