社区矫正对象歧视知觉与社会退缩的关系：一个链式中介模型

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2025.05.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为考察社区矫正对象歧视知觉与社会退缩的关系及内在作用机制，研究采用问卷法测量715名社区矫正对象的歧视知觉、领悟社会支持、生命意义感和社会退缩情况。结果发现：(1)歧视知觉显著正向预测社区矫正对象的社会退缩；(2)领悟社会支持在社区矫正对象的歧视知觉与社会退缩之间起中介作用；(3)生命意义感在社区矫正对象的歧视知觉与社会退缩之间起中介作用；(4)领悟社会支持和生命意义感在社区矫正对象的歧视知觉与社会退缩之间起链式中介作用。研究结果为促进社区矫正对象回归社会、降低重新犯罪风险提供一些启发。

关键词: 歧视知觉, 社会退缩, 领悟社会支持, 生命意义感, 社区矫正对象

Abstract:

To investigate the relationship between perceived discrimination and social withdrawal among community-corrections subjects, as well as the underlying mechanisms, a questionnaire was administered to 715 community-corrections subjects regarding their perceived discrimination, perceived social support, meaning in life, and social withdrawal. The results showed that: 1) perceived discrimination positively predicted community-corrections subjects’ social withdrawal; 2) perceived social support played a mediating role between perceived discrimination and social withdrawal; 3) meaning in life also played a mediating role between perceived discrimination and social withdrawal; 4) perceived social support and meaning in life played a chain mediation role in the relationship between perceived discrimination and social withdrawal. The findings provided insights for promoting the reintegration of community-corrections subjects into society and for reducing the risk of recidivism.

Key words: perceived discrimination, social withdrawal, perceived social support, meaning in life, community-corrections subject

王海擎. 社区矫正对象歧视知觉与社会退缩的关系：一个链式中介模型[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2025, 23(5): 706-713.

Haiqing WANG. The Relationship Between Perceived Discrimination and Social Withdrawal of Community-Correction Subjects: A Chain Mediation Model[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2025, 23(5): 706-713.

图/表 6

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变量	类别	人数	百分比(%)
性别	男	566	79.16
性别	女	149	20.84
年龄(岁)	18～30	201	28.11
	31～50	436	60.98
	51～70	78	10.91
户籍情况	本地户籍	223	31.19
户籍情况	外来人口	492	68.81
婚姻状况	未婚	211	29.51
	已婚	403	56.36
	离异	98	13.71
	丧偶	3	0.42
受教育程度	初中及以下	326	45.60
	高中/中专	209	29.23
	大专	115	16.08
	本科及以上	65	9.09

变量	类别	人数	百分比(%)
性别	男	566	79.16
性别	女	149	20.84
年龄(岁)	18～30	201	28.11
	31～50	436	60.98
	51～70	78	10.91
户籍情况	本地户籍	223	31.19
户籍情况	外来人口	492	68.81
婚姻状况	未婚	211	29.51
	已婚	403	56.36
	离异	98	13.71
	丧偶	3	0.42
受教育程度	初中及以下	326	45.60
	高中/中专	209	29.23
	大专	115	16.08
	本科及以上	65	9.09

	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5
1.受教育程度
2.户籍情况			−0.19***
3.歧视知觉	35.46	12.97	−0.07	−0.03
4.领悟社会支持	61.06	12.47	0.14***	−0.10***	−0.52***
5.生命意义感	37.46	6.43	0.18***	−0.08*	−0.39***	0.58***
6.社会退缩	50.42	9.13	−0.13***	−0.03	0.59***	−0.58***	−0.48***

	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5
1.受教育程度
2.户籍情况			−0.19***
3.歧视知觉	35.46	12.97	−0.07	−0.03
4.领悟社会支持	61.06	12.47	0.14***	−0.10***	−0.52***
5.生命意义感	37.46	6.43	0.18***	−0.08*	−0.39***	0.58***
6.社会退缩	50.42	9.13	−0.13***	−0.03	0.59***	−0.58***	−0.48***

结果变量	预测变量	R	R²	F	β	t
社会退缩		0.60	0.35	127.62***
	受教育程度				−1.48	−3.64***
	户籍情况				−1.06	−1.23
	歧视知觉				1.16	18.97***
领悟社会支持		0.52	0.27	86.59***
	受教育程度				1.32	3.16**
	户籍情况				−2.61	−2.96**
	歧视知觉				−0.95	−15.27***
生命意义感		0.55	0.30	77.34***
	受教育程度				0.95	3.32**
	户籍情况				−0.31	−0.49
	歧视知觉				−0.16	−3.10**
	领悟社会支持				0.34	12.57***
社会退缩		0.69	0.47	127.77***
	受教育程度				−0.72	−1.94
	户籍情况				−2.14	−2.74**
	歧视知觉				0.75	11.77***
	领悟社会支持				−0.29	−7.93***
	生命意义感				−0.27	−5.84***