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20 September 2013, Volume 11 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Endowment Effect and Decision Preference in Ambiguity Decision Making Zhang Fenghua, Zhang Qinglin 2013, 11(5):  577-581.  Abstract ( )   PDF (740KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Previous studies found that people are ambiguity aversion, and are willing to pay the ambiguity medium to address this ambiguity. In Roca’s study, he made ambiguity decision combined with endowment effect and found that subjects preferred to retain ambiguous alternative item, rather than make exchange from ambiguous alternative to risky items, there have been a reversal in the decision. We take Roca’s experimental paradigm to test the validity of this conclusion. Subjects were required to give WTP (the willingness to pay the maximum price when buying the ambiguity option or risky option) and WTA (the willingness to accept the minimum price when giving up the ambiguity option or risky option). The result founded that subjects didn’t show ambiguity seeking. The inconsistency maybe that WTP gave a cap of price and WTA gave a floor to the price. The deviation of prices received is influential on subject’s decision making.

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Research on Visual-spatial Attention Orientations Affected Primary and Middle School Students’ Distance Effect of Number Processing Pan Yun, Bai Xuejun 2013, 11(5):  582-588.  Abstract ( )   PDF (812KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In the present study, Posner’s experimental paradigms of endogenous and exogenous attention orientations were used to investigate the primary and middle school students’ distance effect of number processing.The stimuli were small numbers (1~4) and large numbers (6~9) in Arabic. Subjects’ task was to decide whether the presented number was larger or smaller than 5. The results showed that: (1) in the endogenous and exogenous cues, the development of the number distance effect increased with age from primary school to senior high school under the task of number processing; (2) in valid conditions of endogenous and exogenous cues, there were significant number distance effects from primary school to senior high school students; (3) in invalid condition of endogenous cue, there were significant number distance effects in fifth grade of primary and middle school students, but not in third grade of primary school students; in invalid condition of exogenous cue, there was not significant large or small number distance effect in third grade of primary school students. The fifth grade of primary school students performed the significant small number distance effect, but not large number distance effect. Moreover, middle school students showed significant number distance effect.

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Comprehending Chinese Sentences Involving Quantity Information: “More is Up” Space-Action Compatibility Effect Guan Qun 2013, 11(5):  589-594.  Abstract ( )   PDF (791KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Previous research suggests that the left-right axis is useful in spatial representation of number and quantity, while cognitive linguistics found evidence pointing towards the use of the up-down axis. In this study, the space-action compatibility effect was examined while readers were reading sentences containing quantity information in Chinese text. In Experiment 1, participants pressed an upward or downward button to advance the sentence reading. In Experiment 2, participants pressed a button to make either left or right movement. The space-action compatibility effect was identified on the up-down axis, but not on the left-right axis. We discuss the results in the context of cognitive linguistics in terms of comprehending abstract language such as quantity information using “more is up” metaphor.

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Attentional Capture of Deaf and Hearing-normal People under the Different Conditions of Working Memory Load: An Eye Movement Study Wang Tingzhao, Yang Juan 2013, 11(5):  601-606.  Abstract ( )   PDF (800KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Adopting the indicators of behavior and eye movements which were recorded and analyzed by eye movement techniques, the study aims to investigate the similarities and differences of the attentional capture processing of the deaf and hearing-normal adults under the different conditions of working memory load. The results showed that: (1) the influence of color distracter on the attentional capture was existed, but the extent of its impact was to be adjusted by the working memory load, more marked under the conditions of high working memory load; (2) although the deaf showed a similar eye movement pattern with normal-hearing participants, but from the cognitive performance point of view, they may be certain disadvantages of visual perception processing under the conditions of high working memory load.

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The Process of Non-attended Language in Radical Search Task of Chinese-English Bilingual: An ERP Study Wu Ji, Wang Ruiming, Fan Meng, Li Li, Chen Lihua 2013, 11(5):  607-611.  Abstract ( )   PDF (844KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study adopts ERP technology to explore how the skilled Chinese-English bilingual process the non-attended language in radical search task. The 16 subjects are from South China Normal University, all of them passed Test for English Major Band eight. Only when Chinese as the target language, English as the non-attended language, we found frequency effect in non-attended language, this effect is index by the significant difference of high and low frequency Chinese words on the P2 amplitude. The results show that non-attended language can be activated when L1 as non-attended language, but when L2 as non-attended language cannot be activated. The overall results show that non-attended language can be activated but it is influenced by proficiency level of that language.

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Effect of Mood State on Facial Expression Recognition of College Student Cheng Minmin 2013, 11(5):  612-617.  Abstract ( )   PDF (761KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Set mice as experimental object, juvenile mouse were divided into 4 groups, monotonous group, enriched group, monotonous-enriched group and cultivated respectively and enriched-monotonous group. The present study examined how different environments affect the memory ability and cerebral plasticity of SOD and GSH-Px in mice. Results showed the memory ability could be improved for mice cultivated in enriched environment; no matter enriched environment or monotonous environment, the memory ability is mainly affected at juvenile age rather than adult age; enriched environment could improve the cerebral SOD and GSH-Px activity, juvenile age is the mainly stage that change of plasticity of cerebral functional substances happens.

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The Effect of Different Environmental Cultivation on the Memory and Cerebral Plasticity of Juvenile and Adult Mice Yang Zhanjun, Shi Weilin, Zhu Yue, Bai Wenzhong 2013, 11(5):  618-621.  Abstract ( )   PDF (759KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To explore the structure of university teacher’s occupational well-being and develop a questionnaire based on the qualitative interview. 254 university teachers participated in trial test and 728 participated in formal a questionnaire survey. EFA and CFA were used in data analysis. The results showed that the questionnaire of occupational well-being is consisted of second order 6 dimensions: development of students, friendly relationship, job satisfaction, job achievement, job autonomy and value realization. The model’s fitness indexes were all up to standard. The questionnaire’s coefficient of internal consistency (α) is 0.959, and part-questionnaire’s is 0.878—0.938. The questionnaire’s Guttmann split-half reliability is 0.851, and part-questionnaire’s is 0.845—0.897. The questionnaire’s reliability and validity both met psychometrics criterion, so it can be used to measure university teachers′ occupational well-being.

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The Structure and Measurement of University Teachers′ Occupational Well-being Zhang Yuzhu, Jin Shenghua 2013, 11(5):  629-634.  Abstract ( )   PDF (742KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The current study utilized eye tracking to investigate attention bias underlying familiar versus unfamiliar face processing in autism. Eye movements of 11 autistic infants and 11 matched typically developing participants were recorded while passively viewing three face categories in the condition of multiple competition: a repeating highly familiar face, unfamiliar non-repeating faces, and a repeating previously unfamiliar face. Results showed that: (1) the autistic infants detect the 3 categories faces significantly more slowly than typically developing children, and fixation duration of them on the 3 categories faces were significantly less than the control group; (2) like with the typically children, autistic infants showed a detection biases for novel faces and a processing biases for familiar face in the target frame that the novel faces were detected significantly faster and the familiar faces were fixated significantly longer as compared to other categories. In conclusion,compared to the typically developing children, the autistic infant showed a similar pattern, however, the efficiency of faces detection and processing are more inferior. Familiar faces detection is not prioritized in comparison to other categories but rather to a difficulty to disengage attention.

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The Features and Stages of Institutional Adaptation for Older People Wang Guisheng, Yan Lei, Shen Jiliang 2013, 11(5):  635-639.  Abstract ( )   PDF (733KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Parent-child communication quality could influence individual’s trust level. Based on a sample of 172 Chinese college freshers, the present study examined the relationship of freshers’ parent-child communication quality and their trust circle through the scale of parent-child communication quality and the questionnaire of “trust circle”. The results indicated that: (1) the quality of father-child communication is worse than that of mother-child, especially the relationship-oriented communication quality. (2) The trust circle size varies with risk level; as the economic risk increases the trust circle becomes smaller, and as the degree of the shared negative information increases the trust circle also becomes smaller. The average trust circle sizes in different domains differ, the size of the trust circle in the economic situation is larger than that in the negative information sharing context. (3) In the economic situation, trust circle sizes of the participants with higher quality in parent-child communication were larger than those with lower quality in parent- child communication.

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Attention Bias for Familiar Faces of Autistic Infant in the Condition of Multiple Competition Chen Shunsen, Bai Xuejun 2013, 11(5):  640-647.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1945KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics 456 high school students were investigated by Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire, UCLA Loneliness Scale, EMBU and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale to explore the serial mediating roles of interpersonal competence and self-esteem between parental warmth and adolescents' loneliness. The results indicated that interpersonal competence and self-esteem completely mediate the relationship between parental warmth and loneliness through three indirect paths. The results further revealed the mechanisms by which parental warmth could affect adolescents’ loneliness.

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The Relationship of Parent-Child Communication Quality and Trust Circle in College Freshers Chi Liping 2013, 11(5):  648-653.  Abstract ( )   PDF (752KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To explore the effects of group counseling at the level of the mental health of family-caregivers for the elderly people based on the importance of Farran's constructive theoretical hypothesis. The Quasi experimental design was used in this study, 38 family-caregivers from two communities in Shanghai participated in the psychological intervention group and validation of the intervention effect was tested. After the group intervention, (1) the results of the experimental group subjects MIQ, GHQ-20 and SES were significantly changed. (2) The control group had no significant difference. (3) The results of the monitoring revealed that the effect of the group intervention still existed after 2 months.

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Parental Warmth Influences Adolescents' Loneliness: Serial Mediation Effect Analysis Wang Mingzhong, Fan Cuiying, Zhou Ran 2013, 11(5):  654-659.  Abstract ( )   PDF (727KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study adopts ERP technology to explore how the skilled Chinese-English bilingual process the non-attended language in radical search task. The 16 subjects are from South China Normal University, all of them passed Test for English Major Band eight. Only when Chinese as the target language, English as the non-attended language, we found frequency effect in non-attended language, this effect is index by the significant difference of high and low frequency Chinese words on the P2 amplitude. The results show that non-attended language can be activated when L1 as non-attended language, but when L2 as non-attended language cannot be activated. The overall results show that non-attended language can be activated but it is influenced by proficiency level of that language.

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A Study of the Effects of Meaning Constructive Group Counseling on the Family-caregivers of Old People Cheng Mingming, Cao Wenjing, Chen Peng, Jin Jingxian 2013, 11(5):  660-665.  Abstract ( )   PDF (747KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Based on the questionnaire and documentary data collected from 417 first-line manufacturing employees, this study examined the psychological mechanism of withdrawal behaviors and the moderating effects of self-determination traits from the perspective of Work-family Conflict. Family-interference-work (FIW) was found to influence withdrawal behaviors directly and also partially through the mediating role of job satisfaction. Self-determination traits were found to significantly moderate “FIW→ withdrawal behaviors”. With the increase of FIW, withdrawal behaviors rise quickly for the low self-determination people but will not rise for the high self-determination ones. Self-awareness was also found to significantly moderate the relationship between job satisfaction and all kinds of withdrawal behaviors. With the increase of job satisfaction, withdrawal behaviors decrease dramatically for the low self-awareness people. For the high self-awareness people, however, their withdrawal behaviors keep at a low level whatever their job satisfaction level is.

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Psychological Mechanism of Withdrawal Behaviors from a Work-Family Conflict Perspective: the Role of Job Satisfaction and Self-Determination Trait Liu Yuxin, Zhang Jianwei, Peng Kaiping 2013, 11(5):  671-678.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1355KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Physical temperature not only gives human beings the feeling of warmth and coldness, but also has profound impact on them at the psychological level. The study investigated how interpersonal trust was related to indoor temperature. The trust level of 214 Chinese college students learning in warm or cool rooms was measured by a trust game questionnaire. The results showed that participants from warm rooms, compared with those from cool rooms, invested more money to an imagined trustee in the trust game, which meant the former showed a higher level of interpersonal trust. The results suggested that warm temperature in a room can add people’s interpersonal trust.

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Do People in Warm Rooms Trust Others More? The Relationship of Indoor Temperature and Interpersonal Trust Xin Ziqiang, Xu Xiaochen 2013, 11(5):  685-689.  Abstract ( )   PDF (748KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Sociometer theory of self-esteem was the basic theory in this study. The participants were college students. We used both questionnaires and experimental research methods to investigate the impact of relational evaluation on helping behavior, and the role of trait and state self-esteem in this process. The results were as follows: (1) The main effect of relational evaluation was significant, being accepted could promote one's helping behavior, and being exclusion would reduced it. (2) The impact of relational evaluation on helping behavior is moderated by the trait self-esteem. People with low trait self-esteem were more affected by relational evaluation. With the level of trait self-esteem increasing, the relationship between relational evaluation and helping behavior decreases. (3) State self-esteem mediated the relationship between relational evaluation and helping behavior significantly, only in the low trait self-esteem group.

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Relationship Between Internet Altruistic Behavior of Undergraduates and Internet-Behavior Preference: Effects of Class Environments Zheng Xianliang, Gu Haigen 2013, 11(5):  690-696.  Abstract ( )   PDF (754KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics 970 secondary and elementary teachers who experienced the Wenchuan earthquake were investigated by revised IES-R (Impact of Event Scale) and MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory). The results showed that, 18 months after the earthquake, PTSD of the teachers was significantly different in teaching-ages, the job burnout of the teachers was also significantly different in gender and teaching-ages. There was positive relation between PTSD and job burnout, and the regression analyzing showed the PTSD could well predict the job burnout.

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The Impact of Relational Evaluation on Helping Behavior:The Role of Self-esteem as a Moderator and Mediator Qi Yajing, Liu Huijun 2013, 11(5):  697-701.  Abstract ( )   PDF (756KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Job applicants often attempt to control the images they give to interviewers consciously or unconsciously within an interview setting. This is what we called applicant impression management (AIM). This article reviews the dispute on the difference of AIM, faking and self-presentation in the interviews, and also highlights the newly founded results and the mechanism of AIM from the respect of the applicants, interviewers and interview circumstances. Moreover, this review summaries and analyses the main research methods of AIM and finally offers the limitations and advices from three aspects: concept definition and classification, individual differences and AIM in other special occupations and posts, so that autochthonous and deeper seated studies could be expected.

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The Relationship between Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Job Burnout among Secondary and Elementary Teachers Cheng Ke, Chen Qiuyan 2013, 11(5):  702-706.  Abstract ( )   PDF (748KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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New Researches on Applicant Impression Management Cui Can, Shi Yu, Qiu Xiaoyi, Shi Kan 2013, 11(5):  707-713.  Abstract ( )   PDF (747KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics