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20 January 2018, Volume 16 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Directed Forgetting and Self-reference: A New Method Based on Storage-retrieval Model SONG Yaowu, WANG Runzhou, LIU Changhao, ZHAO Xiaojun 2018, 16(1):  1-12.  Abstract ( )   PDF (642KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The current debate on directed forgetting explanations under self-reference conditions is focused on the point of coding and inhibition, with little study in implicit self-reference conditions. The main reason that previous studies have been controversial is that no quantitative research methods have been used to analyze the storage and retrieval of information during directed forgetting. In the future, researchers can use a storage-retrieval model with multinomial modeling technology on directed forgetting studies or other studies on memory and forgetting. The analysis of the parameters of the storage and retrieval process can be helpful to explain the internal psychological mechanism associated with the phenomenon.

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The Impact of Frame and Social Distance on Risk Decision-Making LIU Yaozhong, LIU Min, PENG Bin 2018, 16(1):  13-21.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1109KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Present study investigated the neurobiological basis of social distance by means of event-related potentials (ERPs) and a novel financial decision-making task-the money gamble game task. The frequency of gamble options for self under the positive effect was significantly higher than that for friends and that for strangers. While under the negative effect, the frequency of gamble options of self-decision making was significantly lower than that for others. There were no difference between early brain waves. While the amplitudes of N350, P300 and LNP (late negative potential) appeared separation between different social distance:decision-making for strangers evoked the greatest amplitude of N350 and LNP, followed by self-decision making, and decision-making for friends is the smallest; While it induced the greatest amplitude of P300, followed by self-decision making, and the smallest is for strangers. The results show that social distance influences the process of re-evaluation of decision-making.

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Informational Masking of Six-talker Babble on Mandarin Chinese Vowel and Tone Identification: Comparison between Native Chinese and Korean Listeners XU Can, YANG Xiaohu, WANG Yuxia, ZHANG Hui, DING Hongwei, LIU Chang 2018, 16(1):  22-30.  Abstract ( )   PDF (791KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Identification of Mandarin Chinese speech sounds (vowel-plus-tone) were measured in quiet and two types of noise:six-talker babble and babble-modulated noise, for Mandarin-and Korean-native listeners with high and medium Mandarin proficiency. In quiet, the two groups of Korean-native listeners had similar performance, while in six-talker babble, Chinese-native listeners significantly outperformed Korean-native listeners with medium Mandarin proficiency. Moreover, Korean-native listeners with medium Mandarin proficiency showed greater energetic masking than Chinese-native listeners, but comparable informational masking with the other two groups of listeners, likely resulting in their greater challenges in six-talker babble.

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The Event-Related Potentials Characteristics of Stimulus-and Response-Conflicts: Centro-Parietal P3 TANG Dandan, PENG Weiwei, YANG Qingsong, CHEN Antao, CHEN Xuefei 2018, 16(1):  31-36.  Abstract ( )   PDF (685KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Adopting a 2:1 mapping design, two types of conflicts, i.e., stimulus conflict (SC) and response conflict (RC), can be constructed in the color-word Flanker task. However, the neural mechanisms of occurrence of the two types of conflicts do not be understood well. To address this issue, the present study recorded the behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) data when thirty-one healthy participants were performing the 2:1 color-word Flanker task. Response time (RT) data showed significant SC and RC. Event-related potentials (ERPs) results manifested that 1) P3 peak amplitudes in the centro-parietal region might be related to SC, and 2) the peak latencies could make a well prediction for the RC in behavior. Thus, these results confirm that the neural mechanisms of occurrence of SC and RC are reflected in the centro-parietal P3 component.

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The Role of Proactive Control in the Cue-locked Processes During Language Switching LU Yao, ZHANG Yingying, CHEN Baoguo 2018, 16(1):  37-44.  Abstract ( )   PDF (754KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The current study aimed to investigate the role of proactive control in the cue-locked processes during language switching using event-related potential (ERP) techniques. A cued language switching paradigm was adopted. Participants were asked to name the pictures in appropriate language according to a colored cue preceding the stimulus onset, while ERPs were recorded. AX-Continuous Performance Test was employed to separate proactive and reactive control. Correlation analyses were carried out between cue-locked ERPs and proactive control indexed by the error rates of AY trials. The results showed two cue-locked processes related to the proactive control:the early switch-repeat N2 effect in 200-350 ms time window and the later negativity effect in 350-500 ms time window, and both N2 and later negativity were negatively correlated with AY error rates. These results suggest the dual cue-locked processes of language switching:"switching away" from the non-target language and "switching to" the target language. This is the first direct evidence revealing the involvement of proactive control in language switching.

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The Influence of Other's Positive Emotion on Vicarious Self-control Restoration: The Moderation Effect of Interpersonal Sensitivity HU Shengnan, CHENG Zhijuan, DOU Donghui, ZHANG Hongchuan, WENG Xuedong 2018, 16(1):  45-50.  Abstract ( )   PDF (557KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The state of self restoration can be vicariously transmitted from a target to a perceiver simply by imagining the perspective of a restored target. The present study examined the effect of vicarious restoration of other's positive emotion, and how interpersonal sensitivity influenced this kind of vicarious effect. Data were obtained from 331 college students. In experiment 1 and 2, after depleting self control resources, participants were shown materials about the positive emotion, neutral emotion of others and the positive emotion of their own, then they were asked to do the pricing task to weight the effect of vicarious restoration. And Experiment 2 also measured the interpersonal sensitivity through eyes reading test. The results were as follows:depleted participants who took the perspective of someone engaging in other's positive mood priced less than others, and it only emerged if the target showed a high level of interpersonal sensitivity. The price of other's positive emotion group and the own positive emotion group had no difference. Taken together, the present studies verified that others' positive emotion can restore self control resources vicariously and interpersonal sensitivity serves as a moderated variable.

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The Relations Among Creative Cognitive Style, Creative Personality, and Creative Thinking ZHANG Hongjia, WANG Ling, ZHANG Min 2018, 16(1):  51-57.  Abstract ( )   PDF (593KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study aimed to explore the relations between creative cognitive style, creative personality and creative thinking. 315 junior middle school students completed the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory (KAI), Williams Prefer Measurement Forms (WPMF) and Torrance Tests of Creativity Thinking (TTCT) to measure their creative cognitive style, creative personality and creative thinking. The correlation analysis showed that, Efficiency and Rule of creative cognitive style correlated negatively with creative thinking, but Risk-taking, Curiosity and Challenging of creative personality correlated positively with creative thinking. The regression analysis showed that Originality and Efficiency of creative cognitive style predicted positively and negatively creative thinking, Curiosity of creative personality predicted positively creative thinking and creative personality played a completely mediating role in the relation between creative cognitive style and creative thinking. SEM indicated that Originality (positively) and Rule (negatively) predicted indirectly creative thinking through creative personality. In conclusion, innovative cognitive style predicted positively creative thinking, but adaptive cognitive style predicted negatively creative thinking. Creative personality predicted positively creative thinking. Creative personality partly played the mediator role in the relations between creative cognitive style and creative thinking. In other words, Originality promoted creative thinking through creative personality and Rule inhibited creative thinking through creative personality.

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Identity Integration Promotes the Migrant Children's Acculturation: The Explanation of the Cultural Frame-switching LI Hong, WANG Rujing, NI Shiguang 2018, 16(1):  58-65.  Abstract ( )   PDF (940KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study adopted 2 (identity status-primed:urban-primed and rural-primed) by 2 (levels of the identity integration:high and low) between-subject design to investigate the internal mechanism of the role that identity integration promoted the migrant children's acculturation. 108 migrant children from Beijing and Weihai were randomly selected for this study, the evaluation of others in urban or rural and the identity integration were assessed. Results highlighted the differences of evaluation of others in urban between the low and high levels of identity integration, this might light on the role of cultural frame-switching in the identity integration promoting the migrant children's acculturation.

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Deaf Children and Normal Children's Understanding of Pretence Representation, Imitative Pretence and Deceptive Pretence CHEN Youqing 2018, 16(1):  66-73.  Abstract ( )   PDF (538KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The research of children understanding pretence could reflect the extensive content of theory of mind research and some suspicion to the research conclusion of classical false belief task. This research held that the pretence understanding includes understanding pretence representation, imitative pretence and deceptive pretence. This research selected 86 preschool children aged from 3 to 5, and 122 deaf children aged from 3 to 12. Then they were divided into 3 and 5 age groups separately. This research was consisted of two pretence tasks to investigate pretence understanding content above and the difference. The results indicated:1) When the characteristics of the things involved in the pretence tasks didn't accord with children's experience, nine-year-old deaf children and normal children aged from 3 to 5 could not understand pretense representation and imitative pretence; while the context accorded with children's experience, most of the normal children aged 3 and the deaf children aged 7 can; 2) Five-year-old normal children and deaf children aged 7 could understand deceptive pretence, which was later than their understanding of the pretence representation and imitative pretence in the same context. 3) Though the age of deaf children understanding pretend tasks was 2 to 4 years later than the normal children, the starting age and degree of understanding these questions may be the same and the trend in development was similar. 4) Signer deaf children could understand pretence tasks better than oral deaf children. Those whose parents can make signer and those whose parents are deaf were better than others in understanding. This research indicated that young children understood pretence representation was worse substantially. Deaf children understand pretend tasks were later than formal children, while the development trend was similar. The sign language level of the deaf children and their parents greatly influenced deaf children's understanding pretence.

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Development of Chinese Character's Orientation Sensitivity in 3 to 5 Years Old Children ZHANG Li, LI Su 2018, 16(1):  74-80.  Abstract ( )   PDF (577KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study examined the early development of orientation sensitivity of Chinese character and its relation to reading development by using of character-matching tasks. 83 preschool children participated in the study. The tasks were presented by E-prime in a Surface pro. The results showed that at about age 4, children showed the sensitivity to inverted Chinese characters. However, they didn't show obvious developmental change of processing left-right reversed Chinese characters. The different aspects of orientation knowledge of Chinese characters demonstrated the different developmental trajectories. The orientation knowledge of Chinese character significantly related to children's reading ability.

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The Reciprocal Associations between Achievement Goal Orientation and Academic Performance in Primary School Pupils: A Cross-lagged Study YANG Shuwen, PAN Bin, WANG Tingting, SI Jiwei 2018, 16(1):  81-87.  Abstract ( )   PDF (617KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study was to investigate the reciprocal relationship between achievement goal orientation and academic performance. 215 fourth grade primary school students were accessed at two time waves one year apart. The cross-lagged model revealed that 1) children's performance approach goal and performance avoidance goal was associated with their later academic performance, but the association between performance approach goal and academic performance was no longer significant when entering four subtypes of achievement goal together; 2) academic performance was associated with their later mastery-avoidance goal and performance-avoidance goal; and 3) there existed a reciprocal association between performance-avoidance goal and academic performance.

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The Relationship between Optimistic Intelligence Quotient and Life Satisfaction of College Students: The Mediating Role of Resilience JIA Linxiang, WANG Baojian 2018, 16(1):  88-95.  Abstract ( )   PDF (651KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The purpose of this study is to analyze composite reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity of the questionnaire of optimistic intelligence quotient. A total of 466 college students were recuited and they completed the measures in terms of the questionnaires of optimistic intelligence quotient, life satisfaction and resilience. The nonparametric Bootstrap method was used to explore the effect of optimistic intelligence quotient on life satisfaction, especially the mediating role of resilience between optimistic intelligence quotient and life satisfaction. The results showed that:1) the reliability and validity of the questionnaire of optimistic intelligence quotient is pretty good; 2) optimistic intelligence quotient and resilience was significantly correlated with life satisfaction; 3) resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between optimistic intelligence quotient and life satisfaction.

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The Effect of Parent's Educational Aspirations on 4th-grade Student's Mathematics Achievement: Analysis of the Multiple Mediating Effects WANG Yehui, ZHANG Yingbin, XIN Tao 2018, 16(1):  96-102.  Abstract ( )   PDF (616KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To examine the relation between parent's educational aspirations and student's mathematics achievement, a sample of 2745 fourth graders (1125 Han students and 1620 minority students) from western China was used. The results showed that:1) Parent's educational aspirations were positively correlated with student's mathematics achievement. 2) Students' self-educational aspirations, mathematics learning motivation and mathematics anxiety played mediating roles in the correlation, and "mathematics learning motivation" -"mathematics anxiety" was a mediational chain. 3) The pathways of parent's educational aspirations influencing mathematics achievement differed significantly between Han students and the minority students. Firstly, the effect of parent's educational aspirations on students' self-educational aspirations was stronger in the minority students than that in Han students; secondly, the effect of parent's educational aspirations on students' learning motivation was weaker in the minority students than that in Han students.

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The Relationship between Work Family Conflict, Emotional Intelligence and Work Engagement among Special Education Teachers LI Yongzhan 2018, 16(1):  103-110.  Abstract ( )   PDF (618KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The current study was to explore the relationship between work family conflict, emotional intelligence and work engagement among special education teachers from the perspective of positive psychology. A total of 256 special education teachers in 7 special education schools were selected by cluster sampling and asked to complete the Work Family Conflict Scale (WFCS), Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). The results showed that:1) In terms of gender, having or no children, and age, there were significant differences in work family conflict and work engagement among special education teachers. Regarding work family conflict, the female teachers were more severe than the male ones; the teachers having children were more severe than those having no children; the teachers with age ranged from 31 to 40 years old were most severe, the teachers no more than 30 years old came second, while the teachers no less than 41 years old were slightest. As for work engagement, the male teachers were higher than the females; the teachers having no children were higher than those having children; the teachers no less than 41 years old were highest, the teachers no more than 30 years old came second, while the teachers with age ranged from 31 to 40 years old were lowest. 2) The special education teachers' work family conflict negatively correlated with their emotional intelligence and work engagement, while their emotional intelligence positively correlated with their work engagement. 3) The special education teachers' emotional intelligence moderated the relationship between their work family conflict and work engagement.

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The Development of College Students Mental Health Screening Scale FANG Xiaoyi, YUAN Xiaojiao, HU Wei, DENG Linyuan, LIN Xiuyun 2018, 16(1):  111-118.  Abstract ( )   PDF (545KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study aimed at developing a mental health screening scale for college students. Based on theoretical analysis, surveys and expert assessment, we constructed a model with three levels and 22 dimensions, and subsequently developed scale items. Through the initial test of 890 normal college students and 67 clinical sample, the final test of another 810 college students, and several times of expert assessment, we examined and revised the scale items, and finally developed the college students mental health screening scale. Results showed that the constructed model of college students mental health screening scale was reasonable and feasible. And the discrimination indexes of the items, the reliability and the validity of the scale all reached the criterions of psychological assessment. In consequence, the college students mental health screening scale was a reliable and valid measurement tool.

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The Impact of Doctor-Patient Communication Frequency on the Stereotype of the Doctor WANG Pei, YIN Zhihui, LUO Xinming, YE Xuchun, BAI Yonghai 2018, 16(1):  119-124.  Abstract ( )   PDF (549KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The doctor-patient relationships are getting worse and worse in recent years. This problem has become so serious that we should pay more attention to it and it should be solved efficiently for the security and sound development of the society. The present study employed a 2 (Group:HCF group vs. LCF group)×2 (Valence:positive vs. negative)×4(Serial position:position 1 vs, position 2 vs, position 3 vs. position 4) mixed design with group as a between-subjects factor and valence as a within-subject factor. The study adopted the serial reproduction paradigm with 40 patients (15 females, 15-50 years old, mean age=30.24 years old, HCF group) and 40 university students (20 females, 20-27 years old, mean age=24.5 years old, LCF group) as participants. The results showed that more positive stereotype information about the doctors was transmitted in early stages of the reproduction, but no differences between them in late stages for the HCF group. While, as expected, more negative stereotype information about the doctors was transmitted for the LCF group (as shown in Figure 1). The results suggest that communication frequency between the doctors and the patients has a mediator role on the stereotype of the doctor, especially in the early stage in the processing of the information transmission for the HCF group. The difference between the results and those of the previous studies were discussed. The present study offers profound implications for doctors and other clinical workers in establishing harmonious relationships with patients.

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The Influence of Prototypicality on Intergroup Bias: A Case Study on the Intergroup Relation between Urban Residents and Rural-to-urban Migrants Zhang Jiqi, Huang Zhenwei, Liu Li 2018, 16(1):  125-129.  Abstract ( )   PDF (508KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Previous research suggested that prototypical group members tend to have stronger intergroup bias than the non-prototypical. However, it is not clear what is the root of bias:whether it is ingroup favoritism or outgroup derogation? This study investigated the effect of urban residents' prototypicality on their intergroup bias against rural-to-urban migrants in China. Correlational Study 1 showed that prototypicality is positively associated with ingroup favoritism, but not outgroup derogation. In Study 2, urban resident's prototypicality was experimentally manipulated. The results indicated that prototypicality could lead to ingroup favoritism, but not outgroup derogation against rural-to-urban migrants. The results consistently showed that ingroup favoritism is the root of prototypical urban residents' intergroup bias against rural-to-urban migrants.

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Relationship between Discipline Inspector's Tolerance of Corruption and Organizational Loyalty LIU Dan, ZHANG Jianxin, ZHANG Mingyan 2018, 16(1):  130-138.  Abstract ( )   PDF (612KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study aims to explore the relationship between corruption tolerance and organizational loyalty, examine the mediation role of job burnout and the moderation effect of personality. The corruption tolerance scale, organizational loyalty scale, job burnout scale and big five personality scale were used as measurement for 193 participants. The results showed that:1) The discipline inspector's tolerance of corruption is correlated with their loyalties to the organization negatively. 2) The corruption tolerance could negatively predict individuals' organizational loyalty, participants with lower tolerance of corruption are more loyal to their organization. 3) Participants' job burnout plays as a partial mediation role on the relationship between corruption tolerance and organizational loyalty. 4) Participants' personality traits played the moderation role on the relationship between corruption tolerance and organizational loyalty. The higher the level of participants' neuroticism and extraversion, the weaker the relationship between tolerance of corruption and organizational loyalty will be.

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Effect of Trustor's Power on Interpersonal Trust SUN Dongqing, FU Xinyuan, XIN Ziqiang 2018, 16(1):  139-144.  Abstract ( )   PDF (505KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics How does the trustor's power affect his interpersonal trust? Is it based on the power differential between the two parties or just on the power of the trustor? This is a question worthy of studying. Therefore, in Study 1, we tested the impact of trustors' sense of power (regardless of the power levels of trustees) on their interpersonal trust by the trust game. Then we manipulated the power levels of both trustors and trustees (power symmetry vs. power asymmetry) through a one-shot typing service scenario and measured the trustors' interpersonal trust in Study 2. The results confirmed that the power of the trustors affected their interpersonal trust, with the individuals holding lower power having more trust than those with higher power; and in both power symmetry and power asymmetry condition, the trustors had the same level of interpersonal trust. The findings indicated that the trustor's power affected his interpersonal trust as a personal trait/state rather than a relationship-specific construct.