预期想象对延迟折扣的影响：基于预期想象能力可塑性的研究

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.05.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

依据情境预期−情绪模型，招募151名大学生被试，通过3(预期情绪效价：积极、消极、中性)×2(组别：训练组、控制组)×2(测量时间：前测、后测)混合实验设计，从可塑性角度探究预期想象能力对延迟折扣的影响，结果发现：(1)预期想象训练有效提升了个体的预期想象能力，且预期想象能力越强，延迟折扣率的变化程度越大；(2)这一过程受到预期情绪效价的调节，即积极预期情绪会降低延迟折扣率，消极预期情绪会提高延迟折扣率，而中性预期情绪则不会显著改变延迟折扣率。结果表明，预期想象能力影响延迟折扣率的变化程度，而预期情绪效价调节延迟折扣方向。

关键词: 预期想象, 延迟折扣, 预期想象能力, 预期情绪效价

Abstract:

According to the emotion of episodic prospection hypothesis, the present study attempted to use a 3 (prospective emotional valence: positive, negative, neutral) × 2 (group: training, control) × 2 (test time: pre, post) mixed design to investigate the effect of episodic prospective ability on delay discounting. The results showed that: 1) The stronger the episodic prospective ability, the greater the degree of change in delay discounting rate. 2) This process was also moderated by prospective emotional valence, that is, positive prospective emotion decreased delay discounting rate, and negative prospective emotion increased delay discounting rate. These results illustrate that episodic prospective ability influences the extent of delay discounting rate, whereas prospective emotional valence moderates the direction of delay discounting.

Key words: episodic future thinking, delay discounting, episodic prospective ability, prospective emotional valence

中图分类号:

B842

徐淑颖, 蔡曙光, 冯廷勇. 预期想象对延迟折扣的影响：基于预期想象能力可塑性的研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(5): 592-599.

Shuying XU, Shuguang CAI, Tingyong FENG. The Effect of Episodic Future Thinking on Delay Discounting: The Malleability of Episodic Prospective Ability[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2023, 21(5): 592-599.

图/表 5

图1 基线跨期选择任务流程

图2 预期想象跨期选择任务流程

图3 三种预期情绪条件下被试的预期想象能力注：误差线表示标准误；*p<0.05，**p<0.01，***p<0.001，以下同。

图4 三种预期情绪条件下训练组和控制组被试的AUC

图5 训练组的前、后测ΔAUC变化趋势

参考文献

	蒋多, 何贵兵. (2017). 心理距离视角下的行为决策. 心理科学进展, 25(11), 1992–2001.
	刘雷, 苏缇, 彭娟, 郭逸群, 冯廷勇. 延迟折扣的认知与神经机制: 特质性与状态性研究取向. 心理科学进展, 2014, 22 (7): 1047- 1061.
	刘扬, 孙彦. (2016). 时间分解效应及其对跨期决策的影响. 心理学报, 48(4), 362–370.
	秦玲玲. (2014). 预期情绪对跨期选择调控的认知神经机制(硕士学位论文). 西南大学, 重庆.
	王鹏, 刘永芳. 情绪对跨时选择的影响. 心理科学, 2009, 32 (6): 1318- 1320.
	Anokhin, A. P., Grant, J. D., Mulligan, R. C., & Heath, A. C.. The genetics of impulsivity: Evidence for the heritability of delay discounting. Biological Psychiatry, 2015, 77 (10): 887- 894. DOI
	Atance, C. M., & O’Neill, D. K.. Episodic future thinking. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2001, 5 (12): 533- 539. DOI
	Benoit, R. G., Gilbert, S. J., & Burgess, P. W.. A neural mechanism mediating the impact of episodic prospection on farsighted decisions. Journal of Neuroscience, 2011, 31 (18): 6771- 6779. DOI
	Buckner, R. L., & Carroll, D. C.. Self-projection and the brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2007, 11 (2): 49- 57. DOI
	Bulley, A., Henry, J., & Suddendorf, T.. Prospection and the present moment: The role of episodic foresight in intertemporal choices between immediate and delayed rewards. Review of General Psychology, 2016, 20 (1): 29- 47. DOI
	Chiou, W. B., & Wu, W. H.. Episodic future thinking involving the nonsmoking self can induce lower discounting and cigarette consumption. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 2017, 78 (1): 106- 112. DOI
	Clore, G. L., & Huntsinger, J. R.. How emotions inform judgment and regulate thought. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2007, 11 (9): 393- 399. DOI
	Eubig, P. A., Noe, T. E., Floresco, S. B., Sable, J. J., & Schantz, S. L.. Sex differences in response to amphetamine in adult Long-Evans rats performing a delay-discounting task. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2014, 118, 1- 9. DOI
	Frederick, S., Loewenstein, G., & O’Donoghue, T.. Time discounting and time preference: A critical review. Journal of Economic Literature, 2002, 40 (2): 351- 401. DOI
	Green, L., & Myerson, J.. A discounting framework for choice with delayed and probabilistic rewards. Psychological Bulletin, 2004, 130 (5): 769- 792. DOI
	Kable, J. W., & Glimcher, P. W.. The neural correlates of subjective value during intertemporal choice. Nature Neuroscience, 2007, 10 (12): 1625- 1633. DOI
	Kim, H., Schnall, S., & White, M. P.. Similar psychological distance reduces temporal discounting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2013, 39 (8): 1005- 1016. DOI
	Lempert, K. M., & Phelps, E. A.. The malleability of intertemporal choice. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2016, 20 (1): 64- 74. DOI
	Levine, B., Svoboda, E., Hay, J. F., Winocur, G., & Moscovitch, M.. Aging and autobiographical memory: Dissociating episodic from semantic retrieval. Psychology and Aging, 2002, 17 (4): 677- 689. DOI
	Lin, H., & Epstein, L. H.. Living in the moment: Effects of time perspective and emotional valence of episodic thinking on delay discounting. Behavioral Neuroscience, 2014, 128 (1): 12- 19. DOI
	Liu, L., Feng, T. Y., Chen, J., & Li, H. (2013). The value of emotion: How does episodic prospection modulate delay discounting? PLoS One, 8(11), e81717.
	Loewenstein, G., & O’Donoghue, T. (2007). The heat of the moment: Modeling interactions between affect and deliberation. Retrieved June 1, 2021, from http://martinstrobel.net/Jena/literature/Loewenstein-ODonoghue_WP-2007_In-the-heat-of-the-moment.pdf
	Miloyan, B., Bulley, A., & Suddendorf, T.. Episodic foresight and anxiety: Proximate and ultimate perspectives. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2016, 55 (1): 4- 22. DOI
	O’Donnell, S., Oluyomi Daniel, T., & Epstein, L. H. (2017). Does goal relevant episodic future thinking amplify the effect on delay discounting? Consciousness and Cognition, 51, 10–16.
	Peters, J., & Büchel, C.. Overlapping and distinct neural systems code for subjective value during intertemporal and risky decision making. The Journal of Neuroscience, 2009, 29 (50): 15727- 15734. DOI
	Peters, J., & Büchel, C.. Episodic future thinking reduces reward delay discounting through an enhancement of prefrontal-mediotemporal interactions. Neuron, 2010, 66 (1): 138- 148. DOI
	Peters, J., & Büchel, C.. The neural mechanisms of inter-temporal decision-making: Understanding variability. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2011, 15 (5): 227- 239. DOI
	Renner, F., Murphy, F. C., Ji, J. L., Manly, T., & Holmes, E. A.. Mental imagery as a “motivational amplifier” to promote activities. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2019, 114, 51- 59. DOI
	Sasse, L. K., Peters, J., Büchel, C., & Brassen, S.. Effects of prospective thinking on intertemporal choice: The role of familiarity. Human Brain Mapping, 2015, 36 (10): 4210- 4221. DOI
	Snider, S. E., LaConte, S. M., & Bickel, W. K.. Episodic future thinking: Expansion of the temporal window in individuals with alcohol dependence. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2016, 40 (7): 1558- 1566. DOI
	Trope, Y., & Liberman, N.. Temporal construal. Psychological Review, 2003, 110 (3): 403- 421. DOI
	Zhang, S. M., Peng, J., Qin, L. L., Suo, T., & Feng, T. Y.. Prospective emotion enables episodic prospection to shift time preference. British Journal of Psychology, 2018, 109 (3): 487- 499. DOI

[1]	王卓, 刘旭, 蔡佳, 陈芷柔. 提取诱发遗忘的动态效应：提取与重学交叉混合练习的联合影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(5): 585-591.
[2]	鹿子佳, 张志超, 符颖, 张慢慢, 臧传丽, 白学军. 重复词无法帮助中文读者获得副中央凹词类信息[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(5): 577-584.
[3]	刘蕾, 李亚楠, 牛若愚, 于文婷, 陈玉雪, 刘莹. 踏步任务下动作同步的神经基础[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(5): 600-607.
[4]	高阳, 倪士光, 夏志远, 田午林. 群体夸耀方式对旁观者网络攻击行为的影响：旁观者的被挑衅感和群体认同的作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(4): 471-478.
[5]	徐科朋, 陈佳莉, 吴家虹, 杨凌倩, 欧倩倩, 罗冬丽, 张姝玥. 行为者的忠诚偏向效应：道德价值启动对道德行为及道德判断的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(4): 464-470.
[6]	郭文欣, 张微, 李雨茜. 动作电子游戏玩家工作记忆优势的跨系统一致性：一项近红外研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(4): 454-463.
[7]	黄骏青, 李楷政, 张姝玥. 基于公共物品博弈框架的排斥行为范式开发[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(3): 320-327.
[8]	姚成奎, 常思琪, 郑传章, 陈维, 程刚, 罗杰. 简式大学生心理素质问卷的测量不变性[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(3): 312-319.
[9]	韩宗义, 万锐, 徐静舟, 高哈尔•加尔肯, 乔立波, 胡伟, 王丽红. 双语平衡度越高，三语音位感知越好？—以哈萨克语−汉语双语者的英语元音学习为例[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(3): 304-311.
[10]	李骋诗, 江宏君, 胡金生. 孤独症谱系障碍者情绪躯体语言的注意偏向[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(3): 296-303.
[11]	郭秀娟, 任维聪, 张志杰. 威胁性情绪对时间知觉的影响—基于情绪动机理论的视角[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(3): 289-295.
[12]	阿依古丽·艾尼, 买合甫来提·坎吉, 刘贵雄, 帕里扎·布拉提汗. 词间空格对维吾尔族大学生词汇加工的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(2): 163-168.
[13]	纪丽燕, 冀爱爱. 句子理解过程中敬语加工和词类加工的交互作用：来自ERPs的证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(2): 169-176.
[14]	邢敏, 刘希平. 汉语词汇再认中的生命性效应：编码丰富性观点的解释[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(2): 177-184.
[15]	周菘, 冷漫, 蒋涛, 孙艺涵, 管庆丽, 李士一. 注视喜欢效应中的采择机制[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(2): 185-192.