语素意识在汉语二语学习者阅读过程中的作用

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.04.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在探讨语素意识在汉语二语学习者的阅读过程中的作用。研究以汉语二语学习者为对象，测量了他们的语素意识，并利用眼动追踪技术记录了他们阅读句子和篇章的过程。结果显示：(1)语素意识能够显著预测学习者在阅读句子时对双字词的注视时间，其中同音语素意识和语素辨别意识显著负向预测双字词的首次注视时间和凝视时间，而复合语素组合意识显著负向预测双字词的凝视时间，语素识别意识显著正向预测双字词的首次注视时间和凝视时间；复合结构辨别意识对双字词的注视时间没有显著的预测作用；(2)语素意识既可直接预测学习者在阅读文章时的流畅性和准确性，还能通过影响词汇识别，间接影响文章阅读的流畅性和准确性，但其预测方向不同。结果表明，语素意识是影响汉语二语学习者阅读过程的一个重要因素，但其不同组成部分的作用存在差异。

关键词: 语素意识, 阅读流畅性, 阅读准确性, 汉语二语学习者, 眼动

Abstract:

This study aimed to explore the role of morphological awareness in reading of Chinese second language learners. Participants’ morphological awareness were measured, and the eye movements were recorded by using eye-tracking technology while they read sentences and passages. The results showed that: 1) Morphological awareness significantly predicted fixation times on two-character words during sentences reading, with different effects in different components of morphological awareness. 2) Morphological awareness not only directly predicted the fluency and accuracy of reading texts, but also indirectly affected the fluency and accuracy of passages reading via vocabulary recognition in different direction. The results indicate that morphological awareness is an important factor to predict reading of Chinese second language learners, with different components play different role in such effects.

Key words: morphological awareness, reading fluency, reading accuracy, Chinese second language learners, eye movement

王永胜, 张娜, 杜小普, 郭紫璐, 李馨. 语素意识在汉语二语学习者阅读过程中的作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(4): 450-456.

Yongsheng WANG, Na ZHANG, Xiaopu DU, Zilu GUO, Xin LI. The Role of Morphological Awareness in Reading of Chinese Second Language Learners[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(4): 450-456.

图/表 6

参考文献 0

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	Cronbach’s α系数	KMO值	总解释方差(%)
同音语素意识	0.961	0.888	69.70
语素识别意识	0.733	0.610	63.36
语素辨别意识	0.801	0.688	66.40
复合结构辨别意识	0.874	0.737	67.11
复合语素切分意识	0.757	0.687	64.00
复合语素组合意识	0.926	0.699	74.15

	Cronbach’s α系数	KMO值	总解释方差(%)
同音语素意识	0.961	0.888	69.70
语素识别意识	0.733	0.610	63.36
语素辨别意识	0.801	0.688	66.40
复合结构辨别意识	0.874	0.737	67.11
复合语素切分意识	0.757	0.687	64.00
复合语素组合意识	0.926	0.699	74.15

	M(SD)	同音语素意识	语素识别意识	语素辨别意识	复合结构辨别意识	复合语素切分意识	复合语素组合意识
同音语素意识	29.37(14.00)
语素识别意识	9.39(3.11)	−0.005
语素辨别意识	16.57(3.83)	0.389**	0.337*
复合结构辨别意识	28.57(8.55)	0.181	0.317*	0.583**
复合语素切分意识	13.33(3.56)	0.270	0.391**	0.615***	0.401**
复合语素组合意识	35.71(24.09)	0.375**	0.222	0.451**	0.593***	0.348*
凝视时间(毫秒)	562(371)	−0.106***	0.030*	−0.077***	−0.035**	−0.042***	−0.073***
首次注视时间(毫秒)	279(127)	−0.076***	0.020*	−0.046***	0.010	−0.026**	−0.029**
篇章阅读速度(字/秒)	1.95(1.36)	−0.039***	−0.030***	−0.147***	−0.135***	−0.141***	−0.058***
阅读理解	14.37(4.79)	0.265	0.011	0.480***	0.452**	0.452**	0.280*

	M(SD)	同音语素意识	语素识别意识	语素辨别意识	复合结构辨别意识	复合语素切分意识	复合语素组合意识
同音语素意识	29.37(14.00)
语素识别意识	9.39(3.11)	−0.005
语素辨别意识	16.57(3.83)	0.389**	0.337*
复合结构辨别意识	28.57(8.55)	0.181	0.317*	0.583**
复合语素切分意识	13.33(3.56)	0.270	0.391**	0.615***	0.401**
复合语素组合意识	35.71(24.09)	0.375**	0.222	0.451**	0.593***	0.348*
凝视时间(毫秒)	562(371)	−0.106***	0.030*	−0.077***	−0.035**	−0.042***	−0.073***
首次注视时间(毫秒)	279(127)	−0.076***	0.020*	−0.046***	0.010	−0.026**	−0.029**
篇章阅读速度(字/秒)	1.95(1.36)	−0.039***	−0.030***	−0.147***	−0.135***	−0.141***	−0.058***
阅读理解	14.37(4.79)	0.265	0.011	0.480***	0.452**	0.452**	0.280*

	首次注视时间				凝视时间
	b	SE	t	p	b	SE	t	p
截距	302.39	6.36	47.52	<0.001	654.08	18.87	34.66	<0.001
同音语素意识	−0.59	0.10	−5.76	<0.001	−1.94	0.30	−6.50	<0.001
语素识别意识	1.36	0.45	3.04	0.002	6.35	1.32	4.81	<0.001
语素辨别意识	−1.03	0.44	−2.31	0.021	−6.22	1.43	−4.34	<0.001
复合结构辨别意识					0.34	0.54	0.62	0.533
复合语素切分意识	−0.25	0.52	−0.48	0.632	1.59	1.51	1.05	0.294
复合语素组合意识	0.03	0.07	0.42	0.677	−0.63	0.20	−3.22	<0.001