中文阅读中词语加工与眼动控制整合模型简介

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.06.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为方便读者理解近期发表的中文阅读词语加工和眼动控制整合模型(CRM)，本文详细介绍该模型。模型包括词语加工和眼动控制模块。词语加工模块在交互激活框架基础上采纳了新的词切分假设：知觉广度范围内，汉字构成的所有词互相竞争并决出唯一胜者，当一个词被识别，它也同时被切分出来。眼动控制模块决定眼睛何时移动以及向何处移动，采用基于加工的假设。模型模拟了中文阅读与眼动控制的重要研究结果。模型着重解释了无词间空格时的词切分和眼跳目标选择等问题。

关键词: 中文阅读, 眼动, 认知建模, 词语加工, 词切分

Abstract: This paper is written in Chinese to help Chinese readers understand the recently published computational model of word processing and eye-movement control during Chinese reading, known as the Chinese Reading Model (CRM). The model consists of two modules: a word-processing module and an eye-movement control module. The word-processing module processes the information within the perceptual span. The module adopts an interactive activation framework and further introduces novel hypotheses regarding word segmentation. That is, all possible word candidates formed by the characters within the perceptual span compete for a single winner. Once a word is recognized, it is simultaneously segmented. The eye-movement control module uses the activation information from the word-processing module to decide when and where the eyes should move. It estimates how many Chinese characters can be processed in a single fixation and moves the eyes beyond these characters. The model successfully simulates important research findings in Chinese reading. It explains key issues, such as word segmentation and eye movement target selection when there are no explicit word boundary markers.

Key words: Chinese reading, eye movements, computational modeling, word processing, word segmentation

中图分类号:

B842

陈汝淇, 包亚倩, 黄林洁琼, 李兴珊. 中文阅读中词语加工与眼动控制整合模型简介[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(6): 725-735.

Ruqi CHEN, Yaqian BAO, Linjieqiong HUANG, Xingshan LI. An Introduction to the Chinese Reading Model (CRM)[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2023, 21(6): 725-735.

图/表 4

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参数	最佳拟合值	含义
视觉加工
${{Eccentricity} }\_{{factor } }$	4.689	调节离心率计算公式中σ大小的自由参数
词语加工
${{exc} }\_{{visual} }\_{{character} }$	0.099	视觉单元到相同位置的汉字单元之间的链接权重
${{exc} }\_{{word} }\_{{character} }$	0.293	词语单元对其包含的汉字单元有自上而下的激活作用
${{inh} }\_{{character} }\_{{character} }$	−0.030	相同插槽上，汉字单元之间相互抑制的链接
${{inh} }\_{{character} }\_{{word} }$	−0.261	词语不在该位置上包含该汉字时，汉字对词语单元自下而上的抑制性链接
${{exc} }\_{{character} }\_{{word} }$	0.779	词语包含该汉字且位置正确时，汉字对词语单元自下而上的兴奋性链接
${{inh} }\_{{word} }\_{{word} }\_{{overlap} }$	−0.319	空间重叠的两个词语单元之间的抑制性链接
${{threshold} }\_{{word } }$	0.900	词语单元激活超过该阈限值，就被识别和切分
${{frequency} }\_{{gain} }$	0.452	调节词频对词语加工影响程度的自由参数
句子加工
${{predictability} }\_{{gain} }$	0.180	调节词语预测性对词语加工影响程度的自由参数
眼动控制
${{exc} }\_{{saccade} }$	0.235	眼动模块的自动控制成分
${{exc} }\_{{saliency} }\_{{saccade} }$	0.174	注视词单元对眼跳单元的兴奋性链接，实现词语加工程度影响眼跳发起时间
${{threshold} }\_{{eye} }\_{{target} }$	0.430	汉字激活地图中，第一个激活小于该值的汉字单元将作为眼跳的落点
${{threshold} }\_{{eye} }\_{{move} }$	0.950	眼跳单元达到此阈限值时将触发眼跳

参数	最佳拟合值	含义
视觉加工
${{Eccentricity} }\_{{factor } }$	4.689	调节离心率计算公式中σ大小的自由参数
词语加工
${{exc} }\_{{visual} }\_{{character} }$	0.099	视觉单元到相同位置的汉字单元之间的链接权重
${{exc} }\_{{word} }\_{{character} }$	0.293	词语单元对其包含的汉字单元有自上而下的激活作用
${{inh} }\_{{character} }\_{{character} }$	−0.030	相同插槽上，汉字单元之间相互抑制的链接
${{inh} }\_{{character} }\_{{word} }$	−0.261	词语不在该位置上包含该汉字时，汉字对词语单元自下而上的抑制性链接
${{exc} }\_{{character} }\_{{word} }$	0.779	词语包含该汉字且位置正确时，汉字对词语单元自下而上的兴奋性链接
${{inh} }\_{{word} }\_{{word} }\_{{overlap} }$	−0.319	空间重叠的两个词语单元之间的抑制性链接
${{threshold} }\_{{word } }$	0.900	词语单元激活超过该阈限值，就被识别和切分
${{frequency} }\_{{gain} }$	0.452	调节词频对词语加工影响程度的自由参数
句子加工
${{predictability} }\_{{gain} }$	0.180	调节词语预测性对词语加工影响程度的自由参数
眼动控制
${{exc} }\_{{saccade} }$	0.235	眼动模块的自动控制成分
${{exc} }\_{{saliency} }\_{{saccade} }$	0.174	注视词单元对眼跳单元的兴奋性链接，实现词语加工程度影响眼跳发起时间
${{threshold} }\_{{eye} }\_{{target} }$	0.430	汉字激活地图中，第一个激活小于该值的汉字单元将作为眼跳的落点
${{threshold} }\_{{eye} }\_{{move} }$	0.950	眼跳单元达到此阈限值时将触发眼跳

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