一年级小学生汉语默读和朗读差异的眼动研究

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.05.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

默读和朗读是两种重要的阅读方式。汉语儿童在小学一年级开始系统地学习默读和朗读技能，然而很少有研究探讨一年级汉语儿童在这两种阅读方式之间的差异。本研究使用EyeLink 1000眼动仪记录一年级学生默读和朗读含有高频或低频词的句子，考察两种阅读方式对一年级学生句子阅读和词频效应的影响。结果发现，无论是在句子加工还是词汇加工的早期和晚期阶段，默读显著比朗读的注视时间更少、眼跳距离更长、加工效率更快。阅读方式影响词频效应，表现在回视概率上，朗读的词频效应更大。个体差异影响默读和朗读的表现，快速读者在两种阅读方式之间的差异显著大于慢速读者。结果表明，一年级小学生在默读和朗读时的认知加工特点不同。

关键词: 默读, 朗读, 汉语, 一年级小学生, 眼动

Abstract:

Silent reading and oral reading are two important reading modes. Individual starts to systematically learn silent and oral reading skills normally from the first grade. Yet, few studies have compared these two reading modes for first graders. Therefore, the present study used EyeLink 1000 eye tracker to record the first graders’ eye movements while they were reading Chinese sentences containing high or low frequency words. The results showed that, the first graders made shorter fixations, longer saccades, and thus were more efficient at lexical and sentences processing during silent reading compared to oral reading. The reading mode modulated word frequency effect at the proportion of regressions, with larger frequency effect during oral reading than that during silent reading. Additionally, fast readers showed greater difference in reading modes effect compared to slow readers. These findings suggest that Chinese first graders show different characteristics of cognitive processing during silent and oral reading.

Key words: silent reading, oral reading, Chinese, first graders, eye movements

贾宇晴, 高彤琪, 闫国利. 一年级小学生汉语默读和朗读差异的眼动研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(5): 633-641.

Yuqing JIA, Tongqi GAO, Guoli YAN. Eye Movements in Silent and Oral Sentence Reading Among Chinese First Graders[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(5): 633-641.

图/表 7

参考文献 0

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		高频	低频	t
例句		我看到快乐的山羊正在吃青草。	我看到快乐的黄牛正在吃青草。
目标词	词频 (次/百万)	116.84(181.59)	23.48(107.10)	−3.54***
	笔画数	14.72(4.06)	14.89(4.07)	0.24
	预测性	0.08(0.41)	0.13(0.63)	0.50
实验句	难度	2.39(0.79)	2.53(0.99)	−0.89
实验句	通顺性	4.22(0.43)	4.23(0.45)	−0.15

		高频	低频	t
例句		我看到快乐的山羊正在吃青草。	我看到快乐的黄牛正在吃青草。
目标词	词频 (次/百万)	116.84(181.59)	23.48(107.10)	−3.54***
	笔画数	14.72(4.06)	14.89(4.07)	0.24
	预测性	0.08(0.41)	0.13(0.63)	0.50
实验句	难度	2.39(0.79)	2.53(0.99)	−0.89
实验句	通顺性	4.22(0.43)	4.23(0.45)	−0.15

眼动指标	阅读方式
眼动指标	默读	朗读
总阅读时间(ms)	6216(3375)	7686(3275)
平均注视时间(ms)	288(59)	314(58)
平均眼跳距离(字)	2.03(1.09)	1.63(0.65)
回视次数(次)	2.53(2.08)	2.32(1.97)

眼动指标	阅读方式
眼动指标	默读	朗读
总阅读时间(ms)	6216(3375)	7686(3275)
平均注视时间(ms)	288(59)	314(58)
平均眼跳距离(字)	2.03(1.09)	1.63(0.65)
回视次数(次)	2.53(2.08)	2.32(1.97)

眼动指标	阅读方式
眼动指标	默读	朗读
首次注视时间(ms)	287(156)	323(189)
凝视时间(ms)	481(377)	601(432)
总注视时间(ms)	917(685)	1033(638)
回视概率	0.35(0.45)	0.30(0.43)