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20 May 2016, Volume 14 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Preliminary Exploration of Attention Ability in Different Visual Field in Chinese Developmental Dyslexia Tian Mengyu, Zhang Xi, Zhang Yiwei, Bi Hongyan 2016, 14(3):  289-297.  Abstract ( )   PDF (780KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Present research aimed to explore the visual-spatial attention ability in Chinese developmental dyslexia children compared with chronological age control group. Participants were recruit from 3, 4, 5 grades in several primary school in Beijing. Standardized Chinese written vocabulary test and the Raven′s Standard Progressive Matrices test were conducted to screen two groups, developmental dyslexia group and chronological age control group. A detection task was used in three experiments, and three types of stimuli, black dot, digit, and character, were used in three experiments respectively. The eccentricities of stimulus varied randomly in 3°, 12°, 17° from the fixation point in all experiments. The results found that developmental dyslexia group reacted slower than chronological age control group when processing digits and characters but showed no difference when processing black dots, which indicated that Chinese developmental dyslexia showed deficit in perceptual speed when processing complex stimuli like digits or characters. Chinese developmental dyslexia did not show the abnormal advance in peripherally presented stimuli compared with chronological ages control group.

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The Experience of Language Switching Impact the Time Course of Bilingual Cognitive Advantages Jiao Lu, Wang Ruiming, Liu Cong, Shen Manqiong 2016, 14(3):  298-304.  Abstract ( )   PDF (764KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The current study, including two sections, aimed to explore the influence of bilinguals′ language switching experience on their cognitive advantages. The bilingual switching questionnaire was revised in section 1, aiming to objectively measure the frequency of language switching in bilinguals. By using the digit naming task, the second part mainly focused on the time course of bilingual cognitive advantages. Results showed that the low level, non-proficient bilinguals only showed significant negative correlation between switching frequency and switching cost. However, for proficient bilinguals in high level, there were negative correlations between switching frequency and switching cost, mixed cost. This results indicated that bilingual experience of language switching had an effect on the time course of their cognitive advantage. Specially, after the transient switching ability showed its superiority, the continuous monitoring advantage developed. In short, to some extent, the bilingual cognitive advantages develops in a certain order.

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The Effect of Emotional Certainty and Uncertainty on Information Processing Xie Lili, Xu Huifang, Jiang Yuan, Fang Ping 2016, 14(3):  305-310.  Abstract ( )   PDF (581KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Here we investigated: 1)the effect of valence on information processing; 2)the effect of emotional certainty and uncertainty on information processing; 3)the psychological mechanism. The results showed that only in the emotions which contain certainty appraisal, the positive emotions promoted heuristic processing, whereas the negative emotions resulted in systematic processing. On the other hand, the emotions contain certainty appraisal promoted heuristic processing, whereas the emotions contain uncertainty appraisal resulted in systematic processing. The effect of emotional certainty and uncertainty on information processing were only limited in positive emotions. Under the condition with attributions, the effect of valence and emotional certainty and uncertainty were all gone. These results suggest that valence and certainty appraisal of emotion affect information processing all by ways of being information which signaled environment.

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A Meta-Analysis on Working Memory Capacity and Second Language Capacity Song Ying, Zhang Shouchen, Liu Hangyu 2016, 14(3):  311-317.  Abstract ( )   PDF (596KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study aims to discuss the correlation between working memory (WM)capacityand second language (L2)capacity according to domestic and foreign research papers, and to find the potential moderate variables that influence the correlation. Through literature searching and meta-analysis method, a total of 63 case studies that selected from 1992 to 2014 were applied to the depth analysis and research. The results indicated that working memory capacity had a moderate positive correlation with second language capacity(effect size: 0.358). The measurement of WM, content of WM and language of WM could regulate the correlation between WM and L2 capacity.

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The Development Characteristics of Classification Processing Capacity on Teenagers: An Eye Tracking Study Yang Weigang, Wang Youzhi, Chen Wanru 2016, 14(3):  318-324.  Abstract ( )   PDF (702KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Categorization is critically important, because it reduces demands on memory and allows individuals to focus on important aspects of objects while ignoring irrelevant details. This study use real-life relationship between objects and scenes of hand-painted black and white picture material, classification processing characteristics was investigated through eye-movement recording the development characteristics of 136 middle school students and college students. Results showed that the teenagers had significant grade effect on the development of classification ability. Whether from the classification results or from the classification processing period, adolescents classification generalization ability has not entered the steady development stage but increases with the rise of grade. Senior high school stage is the transition stage of development for the classification.

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4 to 6 Years Old Children′s Fair Intention Development Research Dong Shenghong, Zheng Hailin, Wang Yan, Yu Qiaoling 2016, 14(3):  325-330.  Abstract ( )   PDF (619KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Fairness behavior is an important part of children′s moral development. We used the game to investigate the development of the 4 to 6 years old children′s fairness behavior and intention. Previous related researches took large span of children′s age and research paradigm which were not suitable to the preschool children′s cognitive characteristics, so we selected 108 children aged 4 to 6 as subjects, we used the dictator game in the experiment 1)and used the improved version of the mini ultimatum game in the experiment 2)Respectively from the angle of the proposer and responder to examine the development of children′s fair intention. The following results were obtained: 4 year old children already have the fairness behavior and intention, but whether the distribution result is fair or not is more important when they make decisions. It is a critical period for the development of the fairness intention when children between 5 to 6 year old.

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The Effect of Group Praise on Pre-school Children′s Words Learning: The Moderating Role of Group Identity Sha Jingying, Zhang Xiangkui 2016, 14(3):  331-337.  Abstract ( )   PDF (685KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study explored the influence of group praise on children′s words learning and task engagement. 114 children aged from 5 to 7 participated. The results showed that: 1)Children ingroup praise condition showed significant higher scores than the other children. They learned better and persisted longer. 2)Children inGroup praise condition and Individual praise condition all showed more positive feelings during the activities. 3)Group identity can moderated the relationship between group praise and words learning. High identifiers performed better than low identifiers when getting group praise.

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Implicit Cognition Bias in 4 ~ 8 Grade Children′s Peer Rolationship Wang Rong, Sang Biao, Li Yazhen 2016, 14(3):  338-345.  Abstract ( )   PDF (789KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The aim of this study was to explore children′s cognition bias in their peer relationship. Implicit comparative cognition was focused on through(Implicit Association Test)IAT. 153 children aging from 9 to 15(M=11.84, SD=1.74), graded in 4, 6, and 8, participated the experiment. Results showed as following: 1)There was a significant cognition bias in children′s implicit cognition of peers relationship. The children showed a more positive cognition of themselves than that of their peers, indicating self-enhancement. 2)Neither the characteristic nor the degree of this implicit cognition bias was affected significantly by participates′ grade or gender.

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Relationship between Perception of Salary System and Job Performance of Kindergarten Teachers: Mediating Role of Teaching Willingness Zhao Xiaoyun, Guo Cheng, Xue Guiying 2016, 14(3):  346-351.  Abstract ( )   PDF (721KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In order to investigate relationship among perception of salary system, job performance and teaching willingness of kindergarten teachers, 262 kindergarten teachers who participated national training plan in Anhui province were investigated by the questionnaire. The results showed that: 1)the majority of kindergarten teachers had a high level of teaching willingness and job performance, but their cognitive evaluation to the salary system was not positive. 2)Perception of salary system was positively correlated with teaching willingness, and the factors of competitiveness and feedback perception had significantly positive predictive effects on kindergarten teachers′ teaching willingness. 3)Perception of salary system was positively correlated with job performance, but the correlation coefficient was not high, and only the factor of feedback perception had significantly positive predictive effects on kindergarten teachers′ job performance. 4)Kindergarten teachers′ teaching willingness had significantly positive predictive effects on their job performance, and teaching willingness played a fully mediating role between the perception of salary system and job performance.

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A Research on the Influence Paths of Mathematics Achievements of Highly Effective Mathematics Learners in High School Kang Yueyuan, Zhang Nan, Wang Guangming, She Wenjuan, Liu Yanyun 2016, 14(3):  352-359.  Abstract ( )   PDF (998KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To improve students′ mathematics learning efficiency has become one of the necessary methods to reduce overweight academic burden. This article aims to explore the effect of different factors on the performance of highly effective mathematics learners in high school, and the path of these factors. 102 students in high school were selected by focal sampling. Data were collected through the method of questionnaire survey. This study used five questionaires. Four of them is the self-made questionnaire. Findings suggested that: 1)The effects of mathematics metacognition, mathematics non-intelligence factors, intelligence factors, mathematics learning strategies and mathematics literacy decreased. 2)These five factors influenced the mathematics achievements mainly through two paths. One path indudes intelligence factors and mathematics literacy, another path contains mathematics metacognition, mathematics non-intelligence factors and mathematics learning strategies.

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The Moderating Effect of Adolescents′ Self-Efficacy on the Relationship between Actual-Ideal Self-Discrepancy and Depression Zu Yatong, Du Jian 2016, 14(3):  360-366.  Abstract ( )   PDF (683KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study explored the influence of adolescents′ actual-ideal self-discrepancy on their depression, and the moderating effect of self-efficacy to them. A total of 266 junior and senior middle school students were investigated, by Adolescent Ideal-Actual Self-Discrepancy Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES), and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI). Results showed that: 1)Actual-ideal self-discrepancy and depression were positively related to the age of the adolescents, and self-efficacy was negatively related to the age of the adolescents; 2)Depression was positively related to the actual-ideal self-discrepancy of adolescents; 3)Depression was negatively related to the self-efficacy of adolescents; 4)Self-efficacy moderated the relationship between actual-ideal self-discrepancy and depression. The greater the magnitude of actual-ideal self-discrepancy was, the greater the intensity of depression would be, but this relationship was stronger for the subjects with low self-efficacy than for the subjects with high self-efficacy.

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Just World Beliefs and Motivation Effect of Cross-Context Liang Fucheng, Zhou Yu, Wang Junkun, Tang Weihai 2016, 14(3):  367-371.  Abstract ( )   PDF (594KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study aimed to explore whether just world beliefs were influenced by situational motivation via conducting a 2(just world belief state: justice verse injustice)×2(personality traits: positive verse negative)mixed design experiment. Results found that activation of just world belief transferred to different motivation of situation, which led to a significantly memory bias effect. The results revealed that just world beliefs were significantly influenced by different situational motivation.

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The Influence of Unfairness and Punishment Price to the Demand of Third-party Punishment Chen Shiping, Bo Xin 2016, 14(3):  372-376.  Abstract ( )   PDF (450KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In order to explore the factors influencing the third-party punishment and analyze what kind of punitive behavior one would take under the circumstances of unfair and prices of punishment, the present study conducted a 2×3 mixed design experiment with 171 college students as subjects to explore their demand of third-party punishment under two levels of unfairness and three levels of punitive prices. The results showed that subjects′ demand of third-party punishment would decline with the rise of the punitive price. The degree of unfairness would significantly influence the third-party punishment. The study found that third-party punishment was significantly influenced by the punitive price. In low unfairness condition, there was no difference in third-party punishment behavior between different punitive prices. The probability of the behavior was very low. In high unfairness condition, there was significant difference in third-party punishment behavior between different punitive prices. The lower the punitive price, the higher probability of third-party punishment behavior.

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Persuasion Appeal and Framing Effect Influence Giving Decision-Making Chen Jianmei, Fu Qi 2016, 14(3):  377-383.  Abstract ( )   PDF (671KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study examined the effect of persuasion appeal and framing effect on RT and individual giving amount. A completely random designed experiment was conducted to test the hypotheses in the context of charity. Results were as follows：the main effects of persuasion appeal and framing were different. Credibility persuasion appeal raised the giving amount and shortened the decision-making more greatly than effective appeal and rational appeal. The negative of goal framing stimulates the giving and shortens the time for decision-making than positive framing among the subjects. The interaction effect between persuasion appeal and framing effect was significant, suggesting the affective persuasion appeal greatly influenced by froming. Giving amount rises and the time for decision-making shortens under the circumstance of negative goal framing.

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The Effect of Paternalistic Leadership on the Voice Behavior of Employees: Mediated by Leader-member Exchange Wu Kai, Li Yongxin, Liu Xia 2016, 14(3):  384-389.  Abstract ( )   PDF (603KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This paper was to explore the mediating effect of leadership-membership exchange(LMX)between paternalistic leadership and voice behavior. A three-phase survey data were collected from 176 employees. We administered three scales of surveys at three different time points. The results of hierarchical regression analysis(HRA)showed that superior′s moral leadership has significant positive effect on prohibitive voice behavior of subordinates, and benevolence leadership has significant positive effect on promotive voice behavior. Authoritarianism has significant positive effect on prohibitive voice behavior. Then, Bootstrap analysis procedures were used to test the mediation relationships among the study variables. The results only showed LMX mediates the relationship between moral leadership and voice behavior. Specifically, moral leadership's positive effect on promotive voice was fully mediated by LMX, while its positive effect on prohibitive voice was partially mediated by LMX. The mediating effects of benevolence leadership and authoritarian leadership on the two kinds of voice behavior were not found.

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Research on Relationship Between Work-Family Centrality and Attitude Towards Raising Retirement Age Wang Xiaozhuang, Luo Haoshuang, Zhang Yongcui, Wu jie 2016, 14(3):  390-398.  Abstract ( )   PDF (891KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study explored relationship between work-family centrality and attitude towards raising retirement age. Job involvement and perceived organizational support were analyzed in mediating and moderating therelationship between work-family centrality and attitude towards raising retiremen ago. Data were collected using multiple questionnaires from a total of 450 employees aged 50 years and over. The results indicated that: 1)Employees showed negative attitude towards raising retirement age. 2)Under the low perceived organizational support condition, job involvement had full mediating effects between work-family centrality and attitude towards raising retirement age. For family-oriented employees, low perceived organizational support had passive influence on mitigating negative attitude towards raising retirement age. 3)Under the high value recognition condition, the positive relationship between family-oriented and negative attitude towards raising retirement age became weak via job involvement. The critical way to improve positive attitude towards raising retirement age was to give more value recognition to employees. High care to family-oriented employees could also alleviate the negative attitude towards raising retirement age.

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The Effects of Power on Social Perspective Taking: Moderating of Power Motivation Li Yaqiang, Chen Chaoyang, Su Yongqiang, Yang Linlin, Yang Yong 2016, 14(3):  399-405.  Abstract ( )   PDF (706KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study aimed to investigate the relationship between power and perspective taking, and the moderation effect of different types of power motivation played in the rela tionship. Firstly, the study measured the participants′ power motivation with Picture Story Exercise. Afterwards the present study manipulated power by scrambled sentence test and semantic priming and participants later finished cognitive perspective taking and emotional perspective taking tasks. The results were as follows: 1)in the cognitive perspective taking, the main effects of power and power motivation were significant which indicated that the low power holders′ cognitive perspective taking is better than the high power holders′ ; 2)in the emotional perspective taking, the main effects of power and power motivation were not significant which indicated that power cannot predict emotional perspective taking; 3)The moderation effect of power motivation in the relationship between power and social perspective taking was remarkable both in the cognitive and emotional perspective taking tasks, comparing to the personalized power motivation subjects, the socialized power motivation subjects performed better on perspective taking.

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The Relationship between Mobile Phone Addiction and Loneliness, Self-harmony of University Students Liu Haijuan, Yao Dewen 2016, 14(3):  406-410.  Abstract ( )   PDF (523KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This research was to discuss the relationship between mobile phone addiction and loneliness, self-harmony, and tried to find the moderate of self-harmony between mobile phone addiction and loneliness, then produce the methods to solve the problems on the mobile phone addiction of university students according to the research′s results. In the research the Mobile Phone Addiction Scale, Loneliness Scale and Interpersonal-harmony Diagnostic Scale were used for assessment. Results showed: the degree of mobile phone addiction had a positive relation with the degree of loneliness, but had a negative relation with the degree of self-harmony; the degree of self-harmony inflecced the degree of mobile phone addiction directly.

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Online Game Experience: Concept, Measurement and Related Factors Zhang Guohua, Lei Li 2016, 14(3):  411-419.  Abstract ( )   PDF (949KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Online Game Experience is subjective feeling and emotional experience resulted from the interaction of game players and all of the elements of online games in a certain game situation. This study analyzed the concept definition of online game experience, introduced the construct, type and measurements of the online game experience, summarized the relevant variables of online game experience, and pointed out the future directions of researches about online game experience finally.

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Review on Research of Primary and Secondary School Students′ Classroom Misbehavior Zhang Caiyun, Wu Hao 2016, 14(3):  420-425.  Abstract ( )   PDF (680KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Students′ classroom misbehaviors is an urgent problem for primary and secondary school teachers to solve. By analyzing researches in the recent 20 years, this paper find that students′ classroom misbehaviors are pervasive. Teachers′ and students′ perception of misbehaviors have some consistency. Classroom misbehaviors are influenced by school, family, student and culture factors. Research on the basic theory in this field are relatively weak. Studies on neurophysiological mechanism of students′ classroom misbehaviors are insufficient and there is lack of long-term longitudinal study. In the future, the researchers should refer to cognitive neuroscience, explore the physiological mechanism of classroom misbehaviors, strengthen the study of special students, extend the research object to the younger children; focus on teacher cultivating and intervention study, constantly promote teachers′ professional level to solve the classroom misbehavior problem.

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The Progress and Trends of Domains of Creativity: From Opposition to Conciliation Lin suqin, Shen Chaonan, Duan Haijun, Hu Weiping 2016, 14(3):  426-432.  Abstract ( )   PDF (749KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Is creativity domain-general or domain-specific? This is a primary issue that should be considered in the field of creativity research. The domains of creativity have always been controversial on some basic problems, such as definition and research methods of creativity. This paper reviewed theoretical perspectives as well as empirical evidences on whether the creativity is domain-specific or domain-general. And, based on this, we illustrated the existing questions of today′s research about creativity with domain-specific or domain-general which is in a dilemma, and demonstrated that researches related to this topic were fusing together instead of former opposition. Future studies should further refine the sub-dimensions of creativity as well as strengthen the exploration of creativity training based on the syncretic theory of creativity, so as to reveal a whole picture of the domains of creativity with multiple methods and techniques according to the research ways of behavioristic-historical surveying-cognitive neuroscience-genomics.