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20 March 2016, Volume 14 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Peer Attachment and Life Satisfaction of Junior Middle School Students: the Mediating effect of Collective Self-esteem Deng Linyuan, Ma Bohui, Fang Xiaoyi 2016, 14(2):  145-151.  Abstract ( )   PDF (732KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To explore the influence of junior middle school students' peer attachment and collective self-esteem on their life satisfaction. 857 students from Grade 7 to Grade 9 participated in the survey. They were investigated with Life Satisfaction Scale, Peer Attachment Scale and Collective Self-esteem Scale. 1)Life satisfaction of junior middle school students declined with the grade increase, while boys' life satisfaction level was significantly higher than girls'. 2)The development of peer attachment and collective self-esteem presented U-curve developmental trend, with Grade 8 lower than both Grade 7 and Grade 9. 3)Peer attachment and collective self-esteem had significantly positive relationship with life satisfaction, peer trust and member self-esteem predicted junior middle school students' life satisfaction positively. 4)Peer Attachment not only could influence the junior middle students' life satisfaction directly which can explain 63.89% of the total effect, but also had an indirect effect through Collective Self-esteem which can explain 36.11% of the total effect. Collective Self-esteem partially mediated the influence of peer attachment on junior middle school students' life satisfaction.

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The Questionnaire Design of Mathematics Metacognition Level for High School Students Wang Guangming, She Wenjuan, Wang Zhaoyun 2016, 14(2):  152-161.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1042KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The assessment and measurement of metacognition ability is always a hard research topic. In the field of mathematics education, many researches focused on the assessment and ability training of students' metacognition monitoring level in the process of problem solving, while few focused on the questionnaire that assessing all dimensions of students' mathematics metacognition level. Meanwhile, the research instrument(questionnaire)of metacognition specially for high school students was still not available. In this study, we designed High School Students' Mathematics Metacognition Level Questionnaire based on literature review, expert interview, and questionnaire analyses. This research instrument had adequate construct validity and content validity. For the reliability, the internal consistency reliability, split-half reliability and test-retest reliability were 0.952, 0.931, and 0.946 respectively, which indicated this questionnaire had good internal consistency and measurement stability.

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The Feature of Inhibition of Return in the Aged Under the Emotion of Anxious Jiao Jiangli, Liuyi, Wen Suxia, Ma Aihui 2016, 14(2):  162-166.  Abstract ( )   PDF (517KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study aimed to investigate the feature of location-based and color-based inhibition of return in the aged under the emotion of anxious. Subjects were 22 anxious aged and 21 normal aged. The experiment was designed by the software of E-prime, using the form of inhibition for return, and the task of subjects was to discriminate the color of the target, they should press the key as soon as possible. The software recorded reaction times and errors automatic. Results: 1)Location-based inhibition of return was appeared both in anxiety aged and normal aged, and the two groups showed no significant difference on IOR effect. 2)Color-based IOR appeared in the normal aged but not in anxious aged, and two groups showed significant difference on effect. The negative emotion of anxious effected the color-based IOR in aged, but not in location-based IOR.

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The Basic Features and Patterns of Character Strengths among Children and Adolescents in China Liu Xu, Lv Yanhong, Ma Qiuping, Guo Fei, Yan Xiaojing, Ji Linqin 2016, 14(2):  167-176.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1194KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study was aimed to investigate the basic features and patterns of character strength among Chinese children and adolescents on a sample of 947 children and adolescents. Results showed that, among 24 character strengths, the top five on which children and adolescents have the highest scores were leadership, beliefs, prudence, modesty, and integrity, the top five on which children and adolescents have the lowest scores were humorous, kindness, gratitude, forgiveness, and curiosity. Boys scored higher on curiosity than girls, while girls scored higher on social intelligence and self-control than boys. There was no significant gender differences on other character strengths; Significant grade differences were found on all character strengths except creativity, faith, judgment, prudence, self control. Latent profile analysis indicated three patterns of character strengths among Chinese children and adolescents. The three patterns were above average group, a little less than the mean of the group and lower than average group. The distribution of three patterns of character strength did not show differences in gender and grade.

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The Effect of Separated Training Zones on Release of English Translation Professional Students' Listening Anxiety: An Intervention Study Hua Liang, Dai Huiping 2016, 14(2):  177-180.  Abstract ( )   PDF (438KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Listening anxiety is one of the crucial affective elements that hinder effective learning for candidates of Bachelor on Translation and Interpreting. Using longitudinal, para-experimental design, seventy-six undergraduate students as participants, the study investigate the effect of separated training zones on reducing anxiety. The result showed that there was little difference between the two groups over both anxiety and listening comprehension in pre-test scores and post-test scores, which suggested implicitly that such a pedagogical approach might be effective in alleviating students' listening anxiety and in turn boosting their performance in listening comprehension.

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The Modulation of Working Memory Content on Time-Space Link Bi Cuihua, Huang Xiting 2016, 14(2):  181-185.  Abstract ( )   PDF (461KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study aimed to explore whether the spatial feature of time representation could be modulated by working memory. A dual-task approach combining delayed match-to-sample task and time judgment task was employed. The results revealed that under memory matching condition, the impact of spatial sides on time perception disappeared. However, under memory mismatching condition, participants showed much quicker response when left sides corresponded to shorter duration, or right side corresponded to longer duration than the reverse condition. The finding showed that the mental link between time and space is flexible, and could be modulated by working memory.

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Impact of Different Amount of Response Repetition on After-effects of Response Inhibition Zhu Hai, Bai Xuejun 2016, 14(2):  186-190.  Abstract ( )   PDF (419KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The purpose of the study is to research the impact of different amount of response repetition on after-effects of response inhibition. Participants perform the stop-signal tasks with different amount of response repetition. The results show that main effects of amount of response repetition are significant, and repetition types are also significant, generally. In successful response inhibition, main effects of amount of response repetition are significant, but the reaction times of no-signal trials after different amount of response repetition has not a significant difference from after no-signal trials. In unsuccessful response inhibition, main effects of amount of response repetition are not significant, but the reaction times of no-signal trials after different amount of response repetition are longer than those after no-signal trials. These findings suggested that after-effects of response inhibition reflect executive process of cognitive control and memory retrieval of automaticity in successful response inhibition, but executive process of cognitive control in unsuccessful response inhibition.

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Knowledge Acquisition and the Conscious State of Knowledge in Implicit Learning Guan Shouyi, Guo Xiuyan 2016, 14(2):  191-201.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1000KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Artificial grammar learning paradigm and transfer tasks were used in this research to further distinguish the role of the grammaticality and associative chunk strength variables in the incidental and intentional learning. And the contribution of conscious and unconscious structural knowledge for incidental and intentional learning were examined by structural knowledge measurement. It turns out that: 1)The incidental learning group exhibited significantly better performance than intentional learning group, indicating implicit learning superiority, 2)the accuracy of intuition responses for incidental learning group was significantly higher than intentional learning group, which implied a specific contribution of intuition to implicit learning superiority, 3)both groups exhibited transfer when tested with a letter set different from the one used for training.

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The Different Effects of Selective Attention and Divided Attention on Multisensory Integration Gu Jiyou, Lv Yong 2016, 14(2):  202-206.  Abstract ( )   PDF (484KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Using circles and squares as visual targets and 400 Hz and 1200 Hz tone pip as auditory targets, the present study explored the different effect of attention on multisensory integration by directing the attention to different modality to form two conditions of attention. The results showed that only in the condition of divided attention, the response accuracy was significantly higher and RTs were significantly shorter for bimodal targets than either visual or auditory targets. It showed a processing advantage for the bimodal targets only when the attention was divided between two modalities, the so-called redundant signal effect. To account for the redundant signal effect, the distributions for bimodal responses were compared to the race model. We compared the distribution of bimodal responses to the joint probability of visual and auditory responses using paired t-tests. The result showed that responses probabilities were significantly higher for bimodal targets than the race model probabilities at time between 310 and 490ms when participants divided their attention between visual and auditory targets. We found that the redundant signal effect of bimodal targets in the divided attention condition arose from the multisensory integration. In one word, the multisensory integration occurred when the attention was divided between visual and auditory modality.

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Repetition Blindness Effect of Korean-Chinese Cross-Language on Semantic Level Yoon HoYung, Li Chengcheng, Xiao Xuezhen, Wang Aiping 2016, 14(2):  207-213.  Abstract ( )   PDF (664KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The study explored Repetition Blindness(RB)of intro-language and inter-language on semantic levels of Korean and Chinese words in two experiments. Method and results: Experiment 1 examined the RB on Korean words level of Korean-Chinese bilinguals. The result showed, it existed significantly RB effect in Korean word level. Experiment 2 examined the RB on Korean and Chinese word level by changing the language types of the interval words between two target words. The results show that the correct rate of Korean interval words was significant higher than Chinese. The correct rate of repeating semantic condition was significantly higher than the non-repeating semantic, and it appeared semantic repetition priming effect. Conclusions: 1)RB effect occurred in the Korean words, and not influenced by different languages. 2)The semantic repetition priming effect appeared on inter-languages(Korean and Chinese words), but not RB. It indicates that the orthographical representations were adopted separately and the semantic representations were shared when the bilinguals processed Korean and Chinese languages.

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The Unrestricted Race Model or Competition Model-Eye Movement Evidence from Chinese Ambiguity Processing Yu Miao, Yan Guoli, Shi Feng 2016, 14(2):  214-218.  Abstract ( )   PDF (440KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This paper investigates processing process of sentences containing three kinds of ″Q+N1+of+N2″ ambiguous phrases before and after they are disambiguated. The results show that globally ambiguous sentences are not easier to process than disambiguated sentences. The results are consistent with the short-lasting competition models instead of unrestricted competition models or long-lasting competition models.

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The Effects of Inhibition Functions on Insight Problem Solving Lv Kai 2016, 14(2):  219-227.  Abstract ( )   PDF (900KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study investigated the effects of several inhibition functions on insight problem solving. In experiment 1, a serial of inhibition tasks including the stroop tasks, latent inhibition tasks, retrieve inhibition tasks and several verbal insight problems with different initial search space were administrated to 148 undergraduates to explore the effects of inhibition function on verbal insight problem solving. In experiment 2, the same inhibition tasks as those in experiment 1 and several spatial insight problems with different initial search space were administrated to 159 undergraduates to explore the effects of inhibition function on spatial insight problem solving. The results showed that: 1)spontaneous lateral inhibition and voluntary inhibition were harmful to insight problem solving; 2)the inhibition functions exerted their effects mainly on the restructuring stages during insight problem solving. These results suggested an important role of inhibition function in insight problem solving. Key words insight problem solving, inhibition function, initial search space.

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The Size and Sequence Information Isolated in Processing of SNARC Effect Jin Guichun, Wang Qiangqiang, Wang Youzhi, Wu Yanwen 2016, 14(2):  228-233.  Abstract ( )   PDF (581KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In this study, two different materials were used to isolate size information and serial information of SNARC effect on Arab numbers with east and west longitudes and Chinese and Japanese language assessing rank numbers. The results were that the classical SNARC effect appeared in processing of east longitudes, but in processing of west longitudes, it was reversed. Positive number group appeared reversed SNARC effect in processing of Chinese rank numbers and classical SNARC effect in Japanese rank numbers. The SNARC effect reversed in processing of negative number group. These results indicated that sequence information have more effect on SNARC effect than size information.

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The Structure of Motive and Its Relation to Subjective Well-being:A Perspective from Self-determination Wang Jianfeng, Huangfu Huayan 2016, 14(2):  234-240.  Abstract ( )   PDF (668KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study explored the relationship among explicit achievement motive, implicit achievement motive and subjective well-being from the new view point of self-determination. 303 college students completed achievement motivation scale, self-determination scale and the index of subjective well-being(SWB)scale. Their implicit achievement motive was measured by Implicit Association Test. Results showed that(1)there is no significant correlation between implicit and explicit achievement motives;(2)explicit achievement motive has a significant positive correlation with SWB, and implicit achievement motive moderates the relationship between explicit achievement motive and SWB;(3)incongruent achievement motive structure has an obvious negatively predictable function to the SWB, and self-determination partially mediated the impact of achievement motive incongruence on SWB.

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The Anaysis of Civil Aviation Pilots' Non-Technical Skills Structure Mu Haiying, Zhang Hongwei 2016, 14(2):  241-246.  Abstract ( )   PDF (607KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Using a semi-structured questionnaire, analysis methods of literature theory, and etc. to develop civil aviation pilot' non-technical skills questionnaire. The result of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis found that the Non-Technical Skills of Civil Aviation Pilots was consisted of ten factors: stress management, situational awareness, team cooperation, emotional management, decision making, transposition thinking, resource management, self-awareness, leadership and communication. These factors belong to four secondary dimensions: self-management skills, cognitive skills, interpersonal skills and organizational management skills. The questionnaire has good reliability and validity.

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The Relationship among College Students' Neuroticism, Mobile Internet Service Preference and Mobile Internet Excessive Use of Behavior Jiang Yongzhi, Li Xiaoran, Bai Xiaoli, A Latanbagen, Wang Haixia, Liu Yong 2016, 14(2):  247-255.  Abstract ( )   PDF (969KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This paper use questionnaires with 1488 subjects to explore the relationship among college students' neuroticism, mobile internet service preference and mobile internet excessive use of behavior. The results showed that: 1)The sequence of mobile phones preferences were information services, entertainment services, social services and transaction services; 2)There was significant positive correlation among neuroticism, mobile internet service preference and mobile internet excessive use of behavior, there was significant positive correlation among information services, entertainment services and mobile internet excessive use of behavior; 3)Neurtic personality information services and entertainment services have a direct positive impact on the mobile internet excessive use of behavior; 4)Neurotic personality indirectly affected the mobile internet excessive use of behavior through the information services and entertainment services. Information services and entertainment services played an intermediary role between neurotic personality and mobile internet excessive use of behavior. Therefore, we can cultivate students' positive personality and new media literacy, and effectively inhibit the mobile internet excessive use of behavior of college students.

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Executive Function in Violent Offenders with Psychopathy Zhang Zhuo, Wang Qianglong, Huang Xiu, Yang Bo 2016, 14(2):  256-263.  Abstract ( )   PDF (802KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The aim of the study is to explore the possible dysfunction in decision-making and planning ability of psychopathy offenders. Thirty psychopathic violent offenders and thirty non-psychopathic violent offenders were recruited by PCL-R. The two groups have no difference in age, intelligence and education. IGT and TOH paradigms were used to test the executive function of two groups. Psychopathic violent offenders were more impulsive than non-psychopathic violent offenders. Compared with the non-psychopathic violent offenders, psychopathic violent offenders selected more disadvantaged decks in IGT task, made more errors and spent more time in Tower of Hanoi task. Impulsivity level of psychopathic violent offenders has no effect on their performance during two tasks. Our findings indicated that psychopathic violent offenders have deficits in executive function including decision-making and planning function involving the prefrontal cortex. In addition, impulsivity has no effect on their executive function.

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Online Game Addiction：The Effects of Competition, Cooperation and Flow Experience Wei Hua, Zhou Zongkui, Tian Yuan, Ding Qian, Xiong Jie 2016, 14(2):  264-269.  Abstract ( )   PDF (669KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To explore the relationship between competition, cooperation, flow experience and game addiction in online games, a total of 465 male college students took part in this study. The results of correlation analysis revealed that online game addiction was significantly positively related to competition, cooperation and flow experience in online games. Structural equation modeling analysis showed that competition in online games could not only positively influence online game addiction directly, but also influence it through the mediation effect of flow experience; cooperation in online games did not affect the flow experience, but could negatively forecast online game addiction.

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The Impact Mechanism of Family-Friendly Workplace Supports on Life Satisfaction: From Work-Home Resources Perspective Jiang Hai, Ma Hongyu, Yang Linchuan, Xie Julan 2016, 14(2):  270-276.  Abstract ( )   PDF (640KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Using the work-home resources(W-HR)model as a guiding framework, the authors proposed that utilization of family-friendly policy, family-supported supervisor behavior, and their interplay were positively related to work-family enrichment, which, in turn, were positively related to life satisfaction. With 509 employees from many organizations, they were assessed using utilization of family-friendly policy scale, family supportive supervisor behaviors(FSSB)scale, work-family enrichment scale and life satisfaction scale. The results indicated that：1)family-supported supervisor behavior strengthened the relationship between utilization of family-friendly policy and work-family enrichment. The positive relation between utilization of family-friendly policy and work-family enrichment was stronger for employees in having higher perceived family-supported supervisor behavior than lower family-supported supervisor behavior. With perceived family-supported supervisor behavior increasing, the effect of utilization of family-friendly policy on work-family enrichment strengthened. 2)Work-family enrichment was shown to mediate the relationship of utilization of family-friendly policy and family-supported supervisor behavior with life satisfaction. A further test of mediated moderation demonstrated that work-family enrichment mediates the interaction of utilization of family-friendly policy and family-supported supervisor behavior on life satisfaction. Given that family-supported supervisor behavior is seen as a trainable behavior, organizations should consider encouraging supervisors engaged in these family-supported behaviors, which would develop the effect of utilization of family-friendly policy.

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The Study of the Feature of the Elevated Social Status Perceived by the Female Users of Micro-finance Dai Yun 2016, 14(2):  277-282.  Abstract ( )   PDF (625KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This paper is devoted to research the features of the elevated social status perceived by the female users of micro-finance. The female group of different educational levels, household register and ages has been studied. The Questionnaire of the Female Self-perception of the Elevated Social Status has been designed and used among 162 women obtaining the micro-finance in 18 areas of Tianjin City. It is found that the elevated social status perceived by the female users of micro-finance is mainly reflected in the familiar relationship and the social efficacy of the individual. More specifically, those women with the education higher than high school have obtained a higher score for various dimensions regarding the self-perceived elevation of social status. There is not a remarkable difference of age for the self-perceived elevation of social status among those non-agricultural-household women, which is the otherwise for the agricultural-household women. It is mainly reflected in the total score of social status and the social efficacy of the individual. The above results suggested that after the microcredit, women's self perceived social status was significantly improved, but the female users of micro-finance with different education level, household register and age would have certain distinction in self perception of the elevated social status.

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The Study-Time Allocation of Agenda-Based Regulation Xie Ruibo, Lu Lu, Li Weijian 2016, 14(2):  283-288.  Abstract ( )   PDF (567KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Study-time allocation is a core aspect in the field of self-regulated learning' research. Dunlosky et al.(2009)proposed agenda-based regulation framework. This explains the internal mechanisms of study-time allocation from the perspective of information processing, that learners develop an agenda on how to allocate time to various study items and use this agenda when selecting items for study. Agenda that is, learning plans. A large number of recent studies support the agenda-based regulation. At the same time, some studies also examined the relationship between agenda-driven and habitual processes. In the future we should think highly of dual-processing mechanisms of the conscious and unconscious in allocating of study time and improving the ecological validity of research. As an advanced cognitive activity, decision-making weighing is affected by individual variables such as motive and working memory capacity, which also need higher attention and research.