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20 May 2015, Volume 13 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Recognition Cues of Self-Conscious Emotion for College Students of Different Nationalities: Evidence from Eye Moments Yang Su,Bai Xuejun 2015, 13(3):  289-295.  Abstract ( )   PDF (702KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study was to explore which cues undergraduates from Han, Bai, Hani, Yi, and Dai used when they identifying self-conscious emotions(e.g. pride, shame)by using eye tracking. The results showed that although both facial expression(i.e. eyebrow and eye, nose, mouth)and body postures(i.e. arms, hands)provided useful cues for participants’ identification of self-conscious emotions, facial expression cues facilitated more when identifying self-conscious emotions comparing to body postures, which showing cross-ethnic homogeneity.

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Item Order of Propositional Representation in Understanding Spacial Relation Sentence Liu Haiyan,Su Juan,Hao Qingchi,Yin Guoen 2015, 13(3):  296-301.  Abstract ( )   PDF (613KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Adopting a sentence-picture verification task technique, this paper describes experiments designed to examine the item order of propositional representations in Chinese readers’ understanding spacial relation of simple sentence by visual and auditory tasks. The experiment result did not support the ″structure built frame theory″which is on the basis of ″participant referenced first″. The result found that the order of propositional representations is referenced object→indicated object in the auditory task. The reaction time for the referenced object in the front of the sentence(A right is B)is shorter than in the rear(A is the left of B).

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Threat Effect of Mathematics-Gender Stereotype to Girls: The Moderating moderating effect of Field Cognitive Style Song Shujuan,Liu Huashan 2015, 13(3):  302-305.  Abstract ( )   PDF (510KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The experiment was designed to inspect whether mathematical gender stereotype bring threat effect to middle school girls or not, and to explore whether there is moderating moderating effect of field cognitive style to the threat effect. The study found that girls’ working memory span in mathematical gender stereotype context was significantly lower than in non mathematical gender stereotype context; a significant interaction effect between the cognitive style and the test context was found. Field dependence individuals’ working memory span in mathematical gender stereotype context was significantly lower than in non mathematical gender stereotype context; field independence individuals’ working memory span didn’t have significant difference between different contexts. The results indicated that the mathematical gender stereotype brings a threat to girls; the cognitive style moderates mathematical gender stereotype threat effect, field dependence individuals encounter serious threat, but field independence individuals encounter few threat.

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Repetition Priming of Emotional Pictures Were Affected by Levels of Repetition Zheng Li,Ma Fan,Dou Gang,Li Lin,Guo Xiuyan 2015, 13(3):  306-310.  Abstract ( )   PDF (457KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study adopted 3(emotion: negative, positive and neutral)by 3(levels of repetition: novel, low-primed and high-primed)within-subject design to investigate whether and how repetition priming of nonverbal emotional pictures were affected by different levels of repetition. Results showed that after the initial repetition, negative, positive and neutral pictures showed similar repetition priming effects. And with the increase of levels of repetition, increased repetition priming effect was only observed for neutral pictures. These results indicated that after the initial process facilitation based on repetition, positive and negative pictures, but not neutral pictures, demonstrated high level of durative processes regardless of the times of repetitions. And the durative processes may be only related to emotional arousal(but not valence).

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Influence of Visibility Range and Degree of Urgency on Efficiency of Evacuation: Mediating Effect of Herding Behavior Xu Yang,Li Hong 2015, 13(3):  311-319.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1041KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Theories and studies indicate that, some situational factors including the visibility range of individual and the degree of urgency, and some individual factors such as the locus of control and gender, might be the important factors that influence the herding behavior. But these assumptions have not been tested by laboratory experiments. In this study, we use simulated evacuation drill to explore the possible influences that the factors mentioned above on herding behavior, and discuss the mediating effect of herding behavior in the relationship between these factors and the efficiency of evacuation. We build the software framework of the simulated evacuation environment, in order to conduct the research. The simulating environment is a set of computer programs that compose of the server side and the client side. The main findings are: 1)The visibility range and the degree of urgency have significant influence on the herding behavior during evacuation. 2)Herding behavior has significant mediating effect in the relationship between the visibility range and the efficiency of evacuation.

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The Neural Basis of Cognitive Style: an Resting-state fMRI study Yang Nan,Ye Zhuoer,Lin Yi,Gao Hongwei,Huang Ping,Lin Huiyan,Xue Huan,Ma Junpeng,Jin Hua 2015, 13(3):  320-327.  Abstract ( )   PDF (837KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Cognitive style is referred to the preference for cognitive processing. Results from lots of behavior and brain imaging studies demonstrated that individuals exhibited different cognitive style while performing certain cognitive tasks，but little is know about whether individuals’ brain activities would display such cognitive style differences under resting state. In the present study, undergraduates were divided into two groups(holistic or analytic cognitive style)according to their performance in the Frame Line Test. And the differences of the brain regional homogeneity and functional connectivity pattern between the two groups were explored using the resting-state fMRI technology. Results showed that, the analytic group is distinct from the holistic group both in the local and global resting brain activities. The more tended to the analytic, the greater activation in left cerebellum, the more extensive functional connectivity between left cerebellum and bilateral brain regions. These results suggested that, the resting brain activities, as well as task-evoked brain activities, may be shaped by individual’s cognitive style.

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The Influence Factors of Emotional Effects on Physical Exercise Jiang Yuan,Zhang Liwei,Mao Zhixiong 2015, 13(3):  328-333.  Abstract ( )   PDF (551KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The research adopted the method of questionnaire, investigated college students 773 and middle school students 285 to explore the influence factors of emotional effects on physical exercise. The results found that revitalization of the middle school students was significantly higher than the college students; physical exhaustion was significantly lower than the male of college students, the female of college students had no significant difference; on the other hand, competence motivation of the college students was significantly higher than the middle school students. Fitness motivation, competence motivation, social expansion, own needs and conscientiousness of the male were significantly higher than the female; and female’s own appearance motivation and openness were significantly higher than male’s. The study also found that revitalization was influenced by personality of conscientiousness and openness; tranquility was influenced by social expansion; physical exhaustion was influenced by extraversion, openness, appearance motivation, enjoyment motivation and competence motivation; positive engagement was influenced by agreeableness, openness, fitness motivation, enjoyment motivation and own needs.

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Cognitive and Affective Conflict and Conflict Adaptation in Flanker Word Task Qu Zhiyi,Liu Huijun,Liu Tieyang,Yu Bin 2015, 13(3):  334-340.  Abstract ( )   PDF (745KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Conflict is currently one of the hot topics in psychology, but the stimulus use or paradigm is the key point that will probably have influence on the validity of findings from the study in the conflict effect and conflict adaptation effect. The present study examined the cognitive and emotional conflict effect and conflict adaptation effect using flanker word task. The result revealed that the response to the incongruent trials was significantly slower and the accuracy was significantly lower than that to the congruent trials in both cognitive and emotional flanker word task, suggesting that either cognitive or emotional word flanker task can produce the conflict effect. The study also found the cognitive conflict adaptation effect, but the emotional conflict adaptation effect was not found due to the task difficulty or different paradigms. Furthermore, the responses to fruit words and negative emotional words were significantly faster than those to metal words and positive emotional words. The accuracy to fruit word and negative emotional word was significantly higher than that to metal word and positive emotional word, especially when the target words and distracters were incongruent. Therefore, future studies may make further improvements on the stimuli or paradigms and heighten the role of neural mechanism on emotional conflict adaptation effect and its relationship to the cognitive conflict adaptation effect.

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Empirical Research on Influencing Factor of Engagement of Primary School Teachers Yang Baozhong 2015, 13(3):  341-346.  Abstract ( )   PDF (736KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Improving the engagement is an important way to promote the professional development of primary school teachers and teaching quality. Finding out the influence factors of primary school teachers’ engagement and influence degree, is the foundation of effectively improve the engagement. Combining with the characteristics of primary school teachers’ professional development, the engagement influence model is constructed. Empirical research on the model and the hypotheses were verified and revised, based on the study of the influencing factors and the degree, the countermeasures are put forward to improve primary school teachers’ engagement.

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Young Children’s Knowledge of Future: The Similarity of Negative Stimulus Li Yiwei,Xiao Fengqiu,Chen Yinghe 2015, 13(3):  347-353.  Abstract ( )   PDF (772KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study investigated the similarity of past negative stimulus and future events, and how this factor influence preschoolers’(N=60)emotion understanding. Situations with three levels of similarity are included: situation with identical stimulus, situation with surface similar stimulus, and situation with essence similar stimulus. Findings suggested that young children’s knowledge of future events was influenced by the similarity to past experience, and the more similar the new stimulus and past stimulus are, the more negative emotions children predict.

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The Relationship of College Students’ Volunteer Functions Inventory and Volunteering：The Mediating Role of Gratitude Quality Yang Xiumu,Gao Heng,Qi Yulong,Shen Zhengfu,Han Buxin,Zhou Jing 2015, 13(3):  354-360.  Abstract ( )   PDF (789KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This article used Volunteer Functions Inventory Questionnaire，Gratitude Quality Scale and Volunteering Questionnaire to survey 242 college students． It aimed to establish an equation including volunteer functions inventory, gratitude quality and volunteering and to explore the mediating role of gratitude quality between volunteer functions inventory volunteering． The results showed that: 1)Various significant positive correlation were found among volunteer functions inventory, values function，understanding function, social function, career function, protective function, enhancement function, gratitude quality, gratitude cognition, gratitude emotion, gratitude behavior and volunteering. 2)The college students’ volunteer functions inventory and gratitude quality had a significant positive prediction function for their volunteering. 3)The college students’ volunteer functions inventory can impact on volunteering directly, it also can affect volunteering through gratitude quality indirectly．

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Relationships between Exposure to Media Violence and Loneliness in College Students Li Shiqiang,Sun Ling,Li Ji 2015, 13(3):  361-366.  Abstract ( )   PDF (637KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study aimed at examine the relationship between media violence and loneliness among college students, we employed Media Habits Questionnaire and UCLA Loneliness Scale as tools. The results showed that, 1) Media violence is significantly related with loneliness, while the relationship between media contact frequency and loneliness is not significant. 2)College students are more exposed to violence on TV than movies and computer games. The extent of violence exposure is significantly related to gender; the interaction effects between gender and grade is also significant. 3)Frequency of media violence exposure is significantly related to the type of media, gender and grade.

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A Study of Reading-Related Cognitive Skills in Chinese Zhao Wei,Chen Borong 2015, 13(3):  367-374.  Abstract ( )   PDF (728KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study examined the relations between the reading-related cognitive skills and Chinese reading comprehension. A total of 287 students from grade 3-6（age8-12）participated and were administered measures of morphological awareness, phonological awareness, orthographic awareness, vocabulary and reading comprehension. In addition, 20 Chinese dyslexia, 20 chronological age(CA)controls and 20 reading-level(RL)controls were also examined in those tests. The results showed that morphological awareness and orthographic awareness were correlated significantly with vocabulary and reading comprehension when controlling age. Morphological awareness is the most significant predictor of Chinese reading comprehension. The morphological awareness and orthographic awareness of reading disability children were significantly lower than that of their CA controls, but similar to that of their RL controls. These findings suggest that Chinese reading disability children have morphological awareness deficit and orthographic awareness deficit, which is a result of developmental delays.

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Empirical Evidence of Spiritual Leadership’s Impact on Affective Commitment: The Moderating Effects of Perceived Supervisor Support Wang Minghui,Li Jie,Wang Zhengzheng,Li Zongbo 2015, 13(3):  375-379.  Abstract ( )   PDF (576KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To explore the relationships among spiritual leadership, affective commitment and perceived supervisor support, 403 staffs were surveyed to fill the questionnaire composed by spiritual leadership scale, affective commitment scale and perceived supervisor support scale. Regression analysis indicated that perceived supervisor support moderated significantly the relationship between hope/faith and affective commitment, not moderated the relationship between altruistic love and affective commitment and between vision and affective commitment.

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The Effects of Cognitive Evaluation on the Generation of Gratitude Emotion Zhang Min,Zhang Ping,Lu Jiamei 2015, 13(3):  380-384.  Abstract ( )   PDF (493KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Gratitude emotion refers to the immediacy affection experience the individual response to other’s help The gratitude emotion is generated from the appraisals which accompany with the situation of helping. The study developed in 8 different experimental conditions as stimuli, using 2×2×2 between subjects experimental design, to investigate the generative condition of gratitude emotion. The results show that: The evaluation of benefactor’s motivation, benefactor’s cost, and grace’s value are the cognitive conditions to generate gratitude emotion; the benefactor’s motivation, benefactor’s cost, and grace’s value have independently impact on the generation of gratitude emotion; and altruistic motivation, high cost and the important value can produce more obvious gratitude emotion.

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The Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Job Stress of Chinese University Faculty: A Multidimensional Construct Model of Person-Organization Fit Li Huanhuan,Li Li,Zou Yingmin,Li Yongna 2015, 13(3):  385-390.  Abstract ( )   PDF (632KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study aims to examine three components of P-O fit: Collective efficacy belief, workplace friendship, and Value consonance, and its relations with job stress and job satisfaction. 345 university faculty members completed self-reported measures of the Job satisfaction inventory of university faculty, the Chinese version of Collective efficacy belief questionnaire, workplace friendship questionnaire, Value consonance questionnaire, and Psychological Strain Inventory. Analysis of Structural Equation Model was used to explore the interactive effects of P-O fit and job stress on job satisfaction. The results showed: 1)P-O fit as a multidimensional construct consists of three variables: collective efficacy belief, workplace friendship, and value consonance. 2)Job stress contribution to job satisfaction was mainly mediated through collective efficacy belief and value consonance. The findings suggested that P-O fit contribution to job satisfaction was partially mediated through buffering job stress. Future prevention program must focus to developing P-O fit strategy to reduce job stress and promote job satisfaction among university faculty in China.

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A Study on Rural Residents’ Well-being Based on the Day Reconstruction Method：From The Viewpoint of Affect Experience Zhang Feng,Geng Xiaowei 2015, 13(3):  391-396.  Abstract ( )   PDF (681KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To investigate the status and influential factors on rural residents’ well-being，the Day Reconstruction Method(DRM)and the Satisfaction With Life Scale(SWLS)were used to measure 616 rural residents' subjective well-being. Results showed that the positive affect experienced by rural residents of Shandong province was more than the negative affect. The most enjoyable activity for rural residents is intimate relations, the second is pray/worship/meditate, the third is playing. Working without salary, working with salary, commuting were rated lowest among 24 activities. Interactions with one’s grown-up children topped the list of enjoyable activities, followed by interaction with friends, little children, and spouses. Interactions with coworkers and leaders were rated the most unenjoyable activities. The biggest influential factor on rural residents’ well-being was the region where they come.

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Cumulative Contextual Risk and Suicidal Ideation among Working Women: A Mediated Moderation Model Liu Wang,Tian Lili,Tan Jihong 2015, 13(3):  397-403.  Abstract ( )   PDF (806KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study proposed and tested a mediated moderation model. The basic situation questionnaire, Stressful Life Events Rating Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, Work Family Conflict Scale, Hardiness Scale, Psychache Scale, and Beck Suicidal Ideation-Chinese Version were administered to 1092 working women from Guangdong, Henan, Tianjin, Beijing and other places, to investigate the moderating effect of hardiness on the relationship between cumulative contextual risk and suicidal ideation among working women, as well as the mediating effect of psychache on the moderation model. Results were as follows: 1)Cumulative contextual risk positively predicted the suicidal ideation among working women. 2)Hardiness played a moderating role between cumulative risk and suicidal ideation among working women. 3)Psychache was the mediated variable in the moderating model of hardiness between cumulative risk and working women’ suicidal ideation. That is, the moderating effect of hardiness worked through moderating the effect of psychache on suicidal ideation.

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Psychometric Analysis of the SVO Slider Measure in Chinese Cultural Context Zhang Zhen,Zhang Fan,Yuan Sheng,Guo Fengbo,Wang Yiwen 2015, 13(3):  404-409.  Abstract ( )   PDF (806KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The purposes of this research are to investigate the psychometric properties of the Chinese edition of SVO Slider Measure, and the structure and characteristics of Chinese college students’ social value orientation. Psychometric analysis showed that the Chinese version of the Slider Measure had good test-retest stability and convergent validity. The distribution of observed SVO angles in our sample showed a commonly found distribution, with the majority being classified as prosocial(65.5%), followed by individualists(31.1%), and only a few competitors(3.1%). What’s more, the distribution of prosocial individual’s IA index suggested that prosocial individuals were not homogeneous with respect to their more nuanced prosocial preference, and the most people were sensitive to equality between payoffs, whereas others seem to be striving for maximizing joint gain. In addition, further analysis of the data implied that the distributions of SVO were not significantly different between female group and male group, or between one-child group and non-one-child group, indicating that the percentages of pro-socials, individualists, and competitors were indeed very similar in these groups. To conclude, these results suggested that the Chinese edition SVO Slider Measure could provide a reliable and valid measure of college student’s SVO in Chinese cultural context.

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Mediation Role of Self-control in Internet Use between Time Management Disposition and Pathological Internet Use Sun Xiaojun,Zhao Jing,Zhou Zongkui,Chen Wu,Bao Na 2015, 13(3):  410-413.  Abstract ( )   PDF (461KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In order to investigate the relationship and mechanism of time management disposition, self-control ability in internet use and pathological internet use, a sample of 443 college students were assessed with Adolescence Time Management Disposition Inventory, Adolescent Pathological Internet Use Scale and the Scale about Self-control Ability in Internet Use. Results suggest: 1)Three dimensions of time management disposition were positively correlated with self-control in internet use; every dimension of time management disposition and self-control in internet use were negatively correlated with pathological internet use; 2)self-control in internet use was partially mediated the relationship between the sense of time control and pathological internet use; however, self-control in internet use play a full mediation role between the sense of time efficacy, the sense of time value and pathological internet use.

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Occupation Career Model, Measurement and Related Research Li Hongyu,Li Yufei,He Yisu,Dong Jun 2015, 13(3):  414-421.  Abstract ( )   PDF (775KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Competence is regarded as the key ability of modern social individual career success in a rapidly changing, is a new focus of industrial and organizational psychology field in recent years. This article reviews the Competence with the background, elaborated the competency and competency model meaning, similarities and differences between the big five personality concept, as well as Competence relationship mechanism between the force and the occupation success, organizational commitment, occupation career management, perceived job satisfaction. Finally, some problems of Competence today there are presented, and points out the future research direction.

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Development of Ingroup and Outgroup Favouritism from Social Identity Theory Perspective Chen Shiping,Cui Xin 2015, 13(3):  422-427.  Abstract ( )   PDF (638KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Ingroup and outgroup favouritism was a common phenomenon in intergroup relations, in this paper, the evolution process and empirical studies of Ingroup and outgroup favouritism research was reviewed, and from the perspective of social identity theory to interpret the phenomenon of intergroup preference. Although there were more than one theories that could explain the phenomenon of intergroup favoritism, the social identity theory was more comprehensive that it could explain both Ingroup favouritism and outgroup favouritism. Therefore, this paper discussed ingroup and outgroup favouritism in the angle of social identity theory.

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A Review on Research of Music Tension Wang Na,Liu Tuanli 2015, 13(3):  428-432.  Abstract ( )   PDF (527KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Musical tension refers to audience’s relaxation or tension which is caused by their expectations in the process of listening to music. Musical tension can arouse audience emotion. Musical tension can be divided into inherent tension and playing tension. Factors that affect musical tension include musical expectation, musical structure, wake-up and activation. Theories of musical tension mainly include Schenkerian Analysis Theory, Tonal Music Generation Theory, Models of Melody Expectation and Information Theory. Finally, we discuss the characteristics of the development of musical tension, the physiological reaction to musical tension, and research methods.