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20 May 2013, Volume 11 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH DIATHESIS ASSESSMENT SYSTEM: ESTABLISHING NATIONAL NORMS FOR GENERAL SELF-CONCEPT SCALE FOR ADULTS Yuan Xiaojiao, Fang Xiaoyi, Xie Qinghong, Cao Hongjian 2013, 11(3):  289-294.  Abstract ( )   PDF (617KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study aimed at establishing national norms for General Self-Concept Scale for Adults(GSCSA). Based on the results of the sixth nationwide census, we attained a sample of 6433 adults using the method of stratified sampling by administrative division, gender, age, registered residence, education background and occupational classification. GSCSA has been proved reliable and valid in this national sample. We examined the differences of self-concept among participants with different demographics, and the results showed that the male scored higher on self-positivity and self-regulation than did the female. Comparing to the elderly group, youth group had lower self-clarity but higher self-acceptance. Moreover urban population, participants with better education background and those who earn more than medium income had better self-concept, while there′s no race difference on self-concept. Based on the results of MANOVA, we further established the national norms for GSCSA.

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Chinese Adults Mental Health Diathesis: A Study of Life Belief Scale Zhang Xiuge, Liang Baoyong 2013, 11(3):  295-300.  Abstract ( )   PDF (679KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics A part of Chinese Adults Mental Health Diathesis scale, namely Life Belief Scale, was used to investigate 6432 Chinese adults from 28 provinces. The results showed that:(1)as the age increased, people′s life belief Overall average score, rationality dimensions average score and controllability dimensions average score were decreased;(2)along with the education level enhancemented, people′s life belief Overall average score, rationality dimensions average score and controllability dimensions average score were significantly increased;(3)the interaction effects of the education level and the age period were significant on life belief Overall average score and controllability dimensions average score.

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Impact of Different Stimulus Repetition Quantities on After-effects of Response Inhibition Bai Xuejun, Zhu Hai 2013, 11(3):  301-304.  Abstract ( )   PDF (352KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The current study is to explore the impact of stimulus repetition quantities on after-effects of response inhibition. The participants were instructed to perform the Stop-signal tasks with different stimulus repetition quantities. The results indicated that the reaction time of stimulus repetition quantities was significant and the repeated types were not significant. In successful response inhibition,the reaction time of no-signal trials after different stimulus repetition quantities were not significantly different from those after no-signal trials. In unsuccessful response inhibition, the reaction time of no-signal trials after different stimulus repetition quantities significantly different from that of after no-signal trials. These findings suggested that after-effects of response inhibition reflected executive process of cognitive control rather than memory retrieval of automaticity.

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The Cognitive Mechanism of Category Learning Lin Chen, Luojin Zhong, Yunjia Zheng, Lei Mo 2013, 11(3):  305-311.  Abstract ( )   PDF (624KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The experiment was to testify the cognitive mechanism in category learning. There were two factors: the property of defining dimension and the position of feature presentation. The results found that in the features fixed condition and knowledge defining dimension condition, learners learned more dimensions than other conditions. The results suggested that learners learned more features when feature relations were easy to get and supported the cognitive mechanism account.

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The influence of visual working memory on top-down attentional control: A developmental perspective study Yang Haibo 2013, 11(3):  312-317.  Abstract ( )   PDF (607KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The process of attention is based on two ways of attentional control. This study investigated how visual working memory influence top-down attentional control from developmental perspective. Using dual-task paradigm (one task is memory task, the other is visual search task), with the participants of 3, 4 and 5 grade primary school students, the study investigated how visual working memory contents and load influence top-down attentional control. The results showed that:(1) The age difference in top-down attentional control among 3, 4 and 5 grade is significant, the performances of 5 grade students are better than that of 3 grade students.(2)Visual working memory contents influence top-down attentional control. The performance of visual search was promoted by target related item and disturbed by target unrelated item.(3)Visual working memory load has an effect on top-down attentional control; the Rts of high visual working memory load is longer than that of low visual working memory load.

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Effect of Diglossia and Trilingual on Lexical Access Fan Xiaoyue, Wang Ruiming 2013, 11(3):  318-324.  Abstract ( )   PDF (637KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Picture naming task and TOT(tip of tongue)task were conducted to examine the effect of diglossia and trilingual on lexical access. The result showed that(1)Cantonese-Mandarin diglossia speakers and Cantonese-Mandarin-English trilinguals outperformed monolinguals in picture naming task and TOT task.(2)Cantonese-Mandarin diglossia speakers and Cantonese-Mandarin-English trilinguals performed equivalently in picture naming TOT task. The result suggests the effect of diglossia on lexical access, and the effect of bilingualism on lexical access depends on using frequency.

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The ERP Correlates of Visual and Auditory processing in Mental Subtraction and Multiplication Wang Dongyan, Liu Chang, Chen Yalin 2013, 11(3):  325-332.  Abstract ( )   PDF (766KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Using the event-related potentials technology, and presenting the subtraction and multiplication mental arithmetic task in the visual and auditory channels, the present study explored the differences between the two processing channels, as well as the encoding characteristics of the two kinds of mental arithmetic task. The ERP results indicated that in the coding stage, the visual and auditory channels led to the opposite trend in the early and middle components, appearing a significant separation in the frontal and central areas. In the slow-wave stage, the temporal area was more activated in the auditory channel, while the parietal-occipital area was more activated in the visual channel. and the ERP features of the slow-potential are different between the two channels. Subtraction and multiplication operations mainly activated the left hemisphere, but in the auditory channel, the electrode point P8 and FT8 of the temporal lobe and parietal appeared significant advantage of the right hemisphere. Subtraction had advantage in the visual channel, indicating that it mainly relies on visual spatial representations; while multiplication had advantage in the auditory channel, mainly due to it being based on hearing representation.

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The Effects of Processing Time and Processing Rate on Working Memory Span Liu Li 2013, 11(3):  333-339.  Abstract ( )   PDF (717KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This article tested four models according to working memory span: resource-sharing model, task-switching model, interference account and the time-based resource-sharing model. We manipulated processing time, processing amount and processing rate of the processing component. 60 undergraduates were assigned to complete one type of working memory span task and a switching efficiency task. The results showed that:(1)Processing time and processing amount did not affect working memory span;(2)Working memory span was affected mainly by processing rate;(3)There was a significantly negative correlation relationship between working memory span and cue-task switching cost. The results supported the time-based resource-sharing model and working memory span depended a rapid and flexible switching of attention from processing to maintenance.

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A Research on reading fluency in Chinese Children with Dyslexia Chan Zhang, Xiaosong Gai 2013, 11(3):  340-345.  Abstract ( )   PDF (525KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The study was to explore the effect of age of acquisition and sentence length on reading fluency in 10 dyslexic and 10 age and IQ matched normal readers. Result indicated that the total reading fluency scores of the dyslexic group were significantly slower than the control group. Reading times of the dyslexic group were significantly longer than the control group. The accuracy of the dyslexic group were significantly worse than control group. They have more errors in adding, missing, and replacing. Both the age of acquisition and sentence length has a significant impact on reading fluency of the dyslexic group. As the processing difficulty of words to make it increases, sentence length effect was amplified. Age of acquisition affect the replacing error, sentence length affect the adding error.

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The Relationship among Adolescents′ Interpersonal Stress, Self-efficiency and Social Interaction Adaptation Behavior Nie Yangang, Zeng Minxia, Zhang Pingping, Wan Hua 2013, 11(3):  346-351.  Abstract ( )   PDF (585KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Scale of Adaptation Behavior for Adolescent, Interaction Stress Rating Scale for Adolescent and Questionnaires of Interpersonal Association Efficacy for Adolescent were administered to 916 middle school students. The results indicated that: Interpersonal stress are significantly correlated with interpersonal self-efficiency as well as social interaction adaptation behavior. Interpersonal self-efficiency takes intermediation effect between peer pressure and social interaction adaptation behavior as well as between family environment pressure and social interaction adaptation behavior.

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The Characteristics of Migrant Children′s Alienation and Its Relationship with Coping Style and School Attitude Lei Peng, Qu Bin, Chen Xu, Peng Linjuan, Zhou Rong 2013, 11(3):  352-358.  Abstract ( )   PDF (841KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present research explored the characteristics of migrant children′s alienation and its relationship with coping style and school attitude. 591 migrant children and 272 urban children in Chongqing and Chengdu selected by cluster sampling were rated with questionnaire method. The result indicated that:(1)There was significant difference between migrant children and urban children. Migrant junior high school students reported significant higher alienation than students from primary school, and the boy′s alienation significant was higher than girls′;(2)The significant difference was found among three dimensions of migrant children′s alienation, social alienation was the highest, followed by environmental alienation, and interpersonal alienation being the lowest;(3)Migrant children′s alienation was showed a significant negative effect on their liking of school, on the contrary, but it was showed a significant positive effect on their avoidance of school; coping style served as a partial mediator in the relationship between alienation and school attitude.

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The Aging Effect of Task Switching Yang Xiujie, Han Yuge, Wang Dahua 2013, 11(3):  359-366.  Abstract ( )   PDF (775KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Task-cueing paradigm was used to observe the influence of age on task switching from two different aspects. In experiment 1, set-up time was manipulated to calculate the endogenous switching cost. In experiment 2, the difference between the first task and the last task was manipulated to investigate the external switching cost. The results are that(1)he aging effect was obvious, that is, the reaction time of the old people was significantly longer than the young, and the error rate was higher.(2)There were no significant differences between the old and young on endogenous switching loss and the exogenous switching cost.(3)The aging effects on task switching of endogenous repeat tasks and endogenous switching tasks were unanimous, but the aging effects of exogenous repeat tasks and exogenous switching tasks were accord well together. The conclusion is that the elders′ performance was worse than the young. In addition, aging affects endogenous switching task more easily than endogenous task.

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Relationship between Interpersonal Trust Radius and Trust Level of University Students Lu Yong, Li QiaoLing, Wu Guolai 2013, 11(3):  367-373.  Abstract ( )   PDF (695KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Adopted the self scale“inner-outer trust rating scale for university students”,the current study investigated the university students′ situation of interpersonal trust radius and trust level. The results are:(1)The reliability and validity of the scale are stable;(2)The trust radius of boy students is significantly greater than girls, but the trust level of boys is significantly lower than girl students;(3)The trust radius of the non-student leaders is greater than the student leaders′, the trust level is lower than the student leaders′;(4)The trust radius is reduced along with the rise of monthly consumption level;(5)The trust radius of high grade students is significantly greater than the lower grades′, but the trust level is significantly lower than the lower grades′;(6)Trust radius and trust level showed the opposite trend.

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The Influence of Knowledge Employees Shared Leadership on Team Performance: Mediating Effect of Team Learning Capacity Zhao Pengjuan, Zhao Guoxiang 2013, 11(3):  374-379.  Abstract ( )   PDF (672KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Knowledge employees shared leadership is a dynamic leadership theory. Knowledge employees(such as teachers, medical persons and researchers)according to their specialty, experience or knowledge skills play a role of leaders and lead the team to realize high efficiency target. This study we try to discuss how the knowledge employee shared leadership affects team performance based on team learning capability. There are 687 knowledge employee samples that come from schools, hospitals or enterprises forming 92 teams. We use structural equation model, path analysis and many other kinds of statistical analysis technology by SPSS16.0, HLM6.08 and LISEREL8.70 to test hypothesis. The specific process as follows: Firstly, we make every data from personal level to collective level by HLM6.08. Then, use shared leadership second order model forecast shared leadership through team learning ability influence team performance(p<0.01). Thirdly, team spirit, team cooperation, shared responsibility and team expect four dimensions of shared leadership are associated with team performance, team learning capability still as mediation(p<0.01). The main innovation of this study is that knowledge employees shared leadership through team learning ability mediation affect team performance.

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The Experimental Studies of Friend-Referent Effect in Chinese Young College Students Wu Huifen, Zhou Aibao 2013, 11(3):  380-386.  Abstract ( )   PDF (672KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This research conducted the contrastive study bettween best friend and self in the new depth of processing and the new incidental encoding paradigm. The results were as follows: There were no significant difference between free recall performance of best friend reference condition and self reference condition in the new depth of processing paradigm; However, the free recall performance of self reference condition was better than best friend reference significantly in the new incidental encoding paradigm. The results suggested that the self in Chinese young college students have two characters: independent self and interdependent self.

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Effect of Need for Cognitive Closure and Heuristics on Price Judgment Wu Zhongling, Si Jiwei, Xu Xiaohua 2013, 11(3):  387-394.  Abstract ( )   PDF (790KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The research combines the method of questionnaires with lab experiments. 120 students were selected to administrate the need for cognitive closure(NFCC)scale and were distributed into high dispositional NFCC group or low dispositional NFCC group. Both groups participated in the next three decision-making experiments, which were about the left-digit anchoring effect, the precision effect and the ease of computation effect. The present study aims to investigate how individuals′ NFCC and heuristic strategies affect their price judgments. The results showed that(1)In the precision effect on behalf of representativeness heuristic, NFCC and precision effect had a significant interaction on price evaluation preferences. Individuals with high NFCC preferred to make higher evaluations than those with low NFCC;(2)in the ease of computation effect on behalf of availability heuristic, NFCC and discount magnitude had a significant interaction on judgments of discounts. Discounts were perceived to be larger by individuals with high NFCC than their counterparts, when it was 3;(3)In the left-digit anchoring effect on behalf of anchoring heuristic, the NFCC, the left digit of the target price and the price ending had a significant interaction on price magnitude perception. When the left digits differed, the magnitude perception of the individuals with high NFCC was higher when the price had a zero versus a nine ending. In conclusion, NFCC and heuristics impact consumers′ price judgment. The results have significance on commercial area. Different pricing approaches and strategies would have different influence on people with high NFCC or low NFCC.

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Career Decision-Making Strategies and Their Relations with Person-Job Fit Gao Shanchuan, Sun Shijin 2013, 11(3):  395-401.  Abstract ( )   PDF (720KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The distinction among rational, intuitive, and dependent career decision-making had been the most widely recognized, while intuitive strategy remained relatively unclear. In a sample of 516 people who had recently made a career decision within the last two years, the present study investigated their use of these strategies and person-job fit as well, specifically presenting intuitive strategy in three forms of fast and frugal heuristics, namely, recognition, elimination and satisficing. It was found that people did adopt these three heuristics besides rational strategy, while engaging less in dependent behavior. In addition, there was significant gender difference in the use of recognition, while individuals with different educational background varied in their use of rational strategy and the three heuristics. Results also showed significant differences in the use of recognition and elimination between job changers and first entries. Moreover, only rational strategy and recognition showed significantly positive relations with person-job fit. It was then suggested that various strategies and their respective effectiveness should be taken into consideration in future research and practice.

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The Timing Issues and Improvement Program of Computer-controlled Psychological Experiments Chen Yongpeng, Lu Dunqiang, Wu Xiaorong 2013, 11(3):  402-405.  Abstract ( )   PDF (488KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Computer is widely used in psychology experiments as an experimental platform. This study pointed out that timing error of the computer-controlled psychological experiments was random, unpredictable and difficult to correct, and the reasons of it. A new psychological experiment system was proposed which used distributed task processing technology and LED backlight control technology. The test results showed that the system was more accurate than a computer on the stimulus presentation time and reaction time, which provided a new idea for psychology experiment platform designing.

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The Development of E-communication Inventory for College and University Students Chen Qiuzhu, Guo Wenbin 2013, 11(3):  406-410.  Abstract ( )   PDF (486KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study aimed to develop an E-communication inventory for college and university students. Using forecasting E-communication Inventory for university students, we investigated 372 university students who were selected randomly. Five first level factors and several second level factors were found in exploratory factor analysis. Primary study indicated that Cronbach′s α coefficient lied in 0.759-0.914, S-B split-half coefficient lied in 0.707-0.885, re-test credibility lied in 0.608-0.725. Five first level factors correlated with each other on the moderate level of low side. TCMC group and FCMC group had significant difference in all factors and overall mark. Overall mark and three first level factors correlated with pathological internet use significantly. The confirmatory analysis indicated that fit statistics of the inventory were found. E-communication inventory for college and university students had satisfactory reliability and validity and could be used in future research.

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Neuroticism as a Moderator of The Effects on Adolescent Stress and Depressive Symptoms: a Longitudinal Study Ling Yu 2013, 11(3):  411-416.  Abstract ( )   PDF (598KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To investigate the moderating effects of neuroticism on adolescent stress and depressive symptoms, the current study examined whether the association between the occurrence of negative events and increased depressive symptoms was moderated by neuroticism. At first time 618 adolescents(ages 14-18)completed self-report measures assessing depressive symptoms, neuroticism and the occurrence of negative events. Every three months for the subsequent 12 months, adolescents completed measures assessing depressive symptoms and the occurrence of negative events. Results of hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that adolescents possessing high levels of neuroticism reported greater somatic and psychological symptoms following the occurrence of negative events than adolescents possessing low levels. In conclusion, Adolescents′ neuroticism can moderate the relationship between life events stress and depression.

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Review of Eye Movement Patterns in Face Perception Yang Qing, Yan Guoli 2013, 11(3):  417-424.  Abstract ( )   PDF (766KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Previous studies found that face perception is of great significance in vision recognition. Recent studies use more and more eye tracking skills in face perception for its high ecological validity. A variety of psychological, biological and socio-cultural factors may account for differences in face perception. In the present article, we reviewed evidence regarding different eye movement patterns between western and eastern people, different eye movement patterns between own-race face and other- race face, different eye movement patterns between familiar face and unfamiliar face, different eye movement patterns between different emotional face. Future research may employ more about the reason of the differences in eye movement pattern of face perception; pay more attention to the perception of the social messages in face in the dynamic scene.

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The new progress: Organization identification theory, formation and integration mechanism Wan Hongyan 2013, 11(3):  425-432.  Abstract ( )   PDF (825KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Organizational identification originates in the social identity theory, which is a special form of social identification. This study elaborates the concept of organizational identity, it′s multiplicity of meaning,dynamic nature on the basis of two basic concepts-“identification”and“identity”. Combined with the multiplicity of organizational identity, this paper analyzes the dynamic generation of organizational identification, integration mechanisms and the variability model. Finally, the author points out the shortcomings of the study of the organizational identification theory and make a review and prospect of the organizational identity and the association among organizational identification theory and other theories as well as the localization of the organizational identification theory.