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20 May 2019, Volume 17 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Location-value Association Induces Attentional Capture and Underlying Mechanism LIU Li, LI Shiyi, YUE Junbing, BAI Xuejun 2019, 17(3):  289-295.  Abstract ( )   PDF (742KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study explored whether location-value association can capture attention or not and underlying mechanism, using a training-testing paradigm. In the training phase, red target circle appeared in one of four possible locations. Correct responses would acquired high reward when targets appeared in the two adjacent locations and acquired low reward when targets appeared in the other two adjacent locations. The other six locations were neutral, and no target was in there. In the testing phase, participants were instructed to search unique shape, and the red shape was presented as distractor. The results showed that the red stimuli elicits value-driven attentional capture when it was presented in the locations associated with high reward. However, when it was presented in the locations associated with low reward or other neutral locations, value-driven attentional capture did not occurred. The results indicated that 1) there was the effect of value-dirven attentional capture based on specific spatial location; 2) the effect of value-driven attentional capture was not attributed to the diffusing effect.

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The Influence of Prime Time on Transposition Effect of Chinese Four-character: An ERP Study LI Yulin, YANG Fan, WANG Lin, SUI Xue 2019, 17(3):  296-303.  Abstract ( )   PDF (782KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Prime paradigm combined with recording event-related potentials was used to explore the changing process of brain potentials during dealing with Chinese character position information. In experiment 1, the priming time was set on 80 ms. We found that, within the time window 150 ms~250 ms and 250 ms~550 ms, there was no significant difference in brain potentials between different prime conditions. In experiment 2, the priming time was set on 200 ms. we found that, within the two time window, there was significant difference in brain potentials between different prime conditions. The results suggested that:1) under the prime condition of short time, there was no significant difference between the prime effect of transposed pseudo-word or substitued pseudo-word with that of origninal word. The difference between position information and identity information was not shown in brain potential. 2) under the prime condition of long time, the transposed effect was shown on brain potentialds. Chinese character identity information begin to play a role. 3) the coding of Chinese character identity information predates that of character position information.

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Character order encoding influence on word identification in Chinese reading: Evidence from eye movements LIU Zhifang, CHEN Chaoyang, TONG Wen, SU Heng 2019, 17(3):  304-310.  Abstract ( )   PDF (719KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Present study investigated how character order encoding influence on word processing in Chinese reading. In the Experiment 1, using boundary paradigm, we manipulated the preview type of target words (preview identical word & preview transposed character noword). The results have showed that preview transposed character noword influenced the eye movement data, but it did not interrupt word frequency effects. Using boundary paradigm, there were also two display type of target word in Experiment 2:participants preview and fixate an identical word as the control, and participants preview the target word but when the eye cross the boundary the word was changed into transposed character noword. The results have shown that this manipulation influenced the eye movement data and eliminated the word frequency effect. The results of these two experiments indicted that both character order encoding in preview and fixation phrases interrupted word identification, and that word processing in preview phrase was not strictly depending on character order encoding, however the dependence become more strictly in fixation phrase.

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The Effect of Episode-Evoked Envy on Item-Method Directed Forgetting YANG Lixian, LI Lingfang, ZHANG Jinkun 2019, 17(3):  311-317.  Abstract ( )   PDF (649KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The effect of negative emotion on attention and memory has been well documented. Envy is often caused by an awareness of another person or group of persons who enjoy a desired possession. Individuals primed with envy tend to better attend to and more accurately recalled information about advantage others than did a control group, which may compete the ‘forget’ or ‘remember’ indicating during directed forgetting. The current experiment investigated whether activating envy would correspond to participants paying more attention to and being better able to recall information about envied targets, so as to interfere the item-method directed forgetting effect. Accordingly, the authors devised a 2 (emotion prime:envy vs. neutral)×2 (directing indicator:remember vs. forget) mixed design, with the emotion factor as between-participant variable, and the indicator factor as within-participant variable. There was a significant interaction between emotion prime and directing indicator. Specially, participants under neutral emotion condition recognized significantly more TBR items than TBF items, while under envy condition no significant difference was detected between recognition performance of TBR and TBF items. The results suggest that envy may deplete the attention inhibition (from negative emotion component of envy) and lead to selectively encode information of envied object (from social comparison component of envy) during directed forgetting.

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The Recognition of Bodily Expression: An Event-related Potential Study LIANG Zongbao, YANG Yun, ZHANG Guangzhen, YANG Yuankui, ZHENG Wenming, CAO Ruixin 2019, 17(3):  318-325.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1267KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study employed the event-related potential (ERP) technique to investigate the time course of participants perceiving bodily expression emotional pictures. Behavioral results found the positivity bias", which means happy bodily expression are recognized faster compared to sad and neutral bodily expression. For ERP results:1) The N170 component confirmed the "negativity bias" effect, sad bodily expression elicited larger N170 components than happy and neutral. 2) Compared to sad and neutral bodily expression, the P2 component amplitude increased to happy bodily expression. 3) In the last stage, happy and sad bodily expression gained more attention instead of neural pictures, reflected by more pronounced LPP effects. Taken together, the current findings suggest human brains respond to nonverbal signals from the face and body in a similar manner."

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Effect of Eye Emotional Information on Pain Empathy: An ERP Study SONG Juan, WEI Yanqiu, DU Meng, XIE Hongyu, LIAN Tao, HU Yaqi, MA Ou 2019, 17(3):  326-332,347.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1969KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Pain empathy infers to individual's perception and emotional response to others' pain. The eye region information reflects people's mental state to some certain. The study investigated the influence of calm, sad and fear eyes' emotional information on pain empathy using ERP technique. The results showed that it was a significant difference in P3 component induced by different eye conditions. The amplitude in calm eyes condition was greater than that in sad eyes condition and in fear eyes condition. P3 and LPC had greater amplitude in pain judgement than that in no pain judgement. Different emotional information expressed by eye region affects late processing of pain empathy.

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The Effect of Resilience Group Counseling on State Anxiety of Bullied Pupils SANG Qingsong, LI Hailan, LIU Siyi, SHU Shouli, LIU Zhengkui 2019, 17(3):  333-339.  Abstract ( )   PDF (636KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The study aimed to investigate the effect of resilience group counseling on state anxiety of bullied pupils. The research adopted a 2 groups (intervention group/control group)×3 test times (pre/post/longitudinal) within-subjects design. Thirty-two pupils are divided into the intervention group (16 subjects) and the control group(16 subjects), Which are tested with the help of The Victimization Questionnaire, State Anxiety Inventory and The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale as an assessment tools for the pre, post and longitudinal tests. The results demonstrated that the resilience of pupils in the intervention group increase significantly, but state anxiety and feeling of being bullied decrease significantly at the end of resilience group counseling. In addition, the effect of intervention on resilience, state anxiety and being bullied can last for 6 months after the intervention. So it concluded that resilience group counseling is effective in reducing state anxiety via increasing the resilience of bullied pupils.

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The Effect of Executive Function to Emotional Competence: the Mediating Role of Language LI Quan, LIAO Lili, LIAN Bin, FENG Tingyong 2019, 17(3):  340-347.  Abstract ( )   PDF (727KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The study adopted classical tasks of executive function and emotional competence to investigate the relationship between executive function and emotional competence among 79 children at age of 4 years old, and explored the role of language. The results indicated:1) Children's executive function and emotional competence was correlated significantly with each other, and the inhibition effected on emotional competence mainly. 2) Children's language was partial mediating the link between executive function and emotional competence. 3) Children's executive function could effect emotional competence directly, but also effect indirectly by language. Our results suggested that the executive function (e.g. inhibition) effects 4-years-old children's emotional competence, and language plays a partial mediating role.

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The Multilevel Analysis of Daily Life Events on Senior High School Students' Daily Emotion Experience: the Moderation Effect of Nervousness ZHANG Xinghui, LUO Yuhan, XUAN Xin, WANG Yun 2019, 17(3):  348-353.  Abstract ( )   PDF (570KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Scales of daily life events, daily emotion experience and nervousness were used in the sample of 234 senior high school students for continuous 14 days to investigate the relationship between daily life events and senior high school students' daily emotion experience, and the moderation effect of nervousness. The results of hierarchical linear models indicated:1) At the within-person level and the between-person level, daily negative life events could positively predict senior high school students' daily negative emotion experience and negatively predict daily positive emotion experience, but daily positive life events could only positively predict daily positive emotion experience. 2) Nervousness could strengthen the positive association between daily negative life events and daily negative emotion experience. At the same time, it could weaken the positive association between daily positive life events and daily positive emotion experience. The results of the study suggest that the relationships between daily life events and senior high school students' daily emotion experience at the within-person level and the between-person level have consistency. Nervousness can moderate the relationship between daily life events and senior high school students' daily emotion experience.

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A Study on the Implicit Priming of Public Service Advertisements on Teenagers Public Welfare Behavior HU Yu, HUANG Chongrong, YAN Tingting 2019, 17(3):  354-359.  Abstract ( )   PDF (516KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The study used the Priming Task Paradigm to explore the influence of Public Service Advertisements on public welfare behaviors and the influence of personality differences on adolescent public welfare behaviors. In experiment 1, the public service advertisement was used to prime the task of helping others, and the influence of different public service advertisement examples on the public welfare behavior of the youth was explored. The results show that public service advertisements of caring for individual life and public moral standards have significantly improved participants' willingness to help others. In Experiment 2, based on the helping task, the Self-Esteem Scale (SES) was added to explore the influence of public service advertisement categories and personality differences on the public welfare behavior of the youth. The results show that the type of public service advertisement does not have a significant effect on the subsequent public welfare behavior of adolescence. Individuals with different levels of self-esteem have significant influence on their public welfare behavior, and those with high self-esteem are more likely to help others than those with low self-esteem.

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The Effect of Information Framework and Individual Emotion Elicitation on College Student's Donation Behavior ZHANG Juyuan, XU Xiao, LIU Qinxue 2019, 17(3):  360-367.  Abstract ( )   PDF (720KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study aimed to explore the effect of information framework in the context of donation and different emotion elicitations on college student's donation behavior. In experiment 1, risky decision-making paradigm was applied to verify the existence of framing effect in the situation of donation. In experiment 2, emotion elicitation paradigm and simulated situation experiment were adopted to probe into the interaction effect between elicitation of different emotions and information framework. Results showed that:1) under the circumstance of donation, the effect of framing was significant. 2) Under the framework of negative information, individuals in sadness tended to have more enjoyment than those in happiness; under the framework of positive information, there was no difference between the individual's happiness and sadness. 3) Under the framework of positive information, individuals were inclined to donate time rather than money, while there was no difference under the framework of negative information.

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“Talking About Money Hurts Feelings”? The Influence of Sociality Mental Modes on Charitable Donation ZHONG Yiping, LI Mei, LI Jin, ZHAN Youlong 2019, 17(3):  368-376,421.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1224KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics People often get along with others in different sociality mental modes——communal mode and market mode. Picture prime is used to investigate whether sociality mental modes can affect the charitable donation. In Experiment 1, we explore the effects of sociality mental modes and the costs on charitable donation. The results show that charitable donation is not affected by sociality mental modes in the low-cost and the medium-cost condition. In the high-cost condition, market mode is lower than communal mode and control group. However, there is no difference between communal mode and control group. In Experiment 2, we explore the effects of sociality mental modes and donor relationship on charitable donation. The results show that the donation is decreased progressively in high self-related charities, middle self-related charities and low self-related charities in the communal mode and control group. However, in the market mode, the donation is the highest in high self-related charities. There is little difference between middle self-related charities and low self-related charities. These results reveal that sociality mental modes impact charitable donation. People in market mode are inclined to focus on the personal costs and benefits, and weaken the individual's pro-social behavior motivation. But cost can moderate the effects of sociality mental modes on charitable donation. In the market model, people in market mode perception of social relations are more alienated.

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Cooperation in Social Dilemmas in Loss Context LING Xiaoli, SUN Peng 2019, 17(3):  377-383.  Abstract ( )   PDF (694KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Previous studies have revealed that people were willing to sacrifice personal interests to keep cooperation in social dilemmas, and this prosocially cooperative behavior seemed to be an intuitive response. However, social dilemmas in previous studies were often in the gain context, in which people have to decide whether or not to reduce individual gains in order that others or group get more gains. Based on classic social dilemmas tasks, this study sought to investigate cooperative behavior and its characteristic in social dilemmas in the loss context. We found that participants showed higher level of cooperative behavior in both contexts, and they cooperated more in the gain context than in the loss context; in addition, time stress upgraded the level of prosocially cooperative behavior in both contexts. These findings added new evidence to the argument that prosocially cooperative behavior in social dilemmas was widespread and it was an intuitive response.

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Eye Movements in Viewing Love-related and Sex-related Stimuli: Effects of Sexual Attitude and Passionate Love HOU Juan, LIU Jinqun, CHEN Xin, HUANG Jiani, FANG Xiao-yi 2019, 17(3):  384-394.  Abstract ( )   PDF (840KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In the current study, we measured the eye movements of 15 males and 19 females when they were viewing love-related and sex-related stimuli (including pictures and sentences), and investigated the effects of individual's passionate love level and sexual attitude on the perception of these stimuli. The results showed that 1) males showed more interest in love-related pictures than sex-related pictures, but females attend similarly to these pictures; 2) individuals with conservative sexual attitude looked at sex-related pictures more times than at love-related pictures, but no such difference was found in individuals with liberal sexual attitude; (3) individuals who were wildly in love and had occasional bursts of passion paid more attention to sex-related sentences than love-related sentence. It indicated that viewing patterns of love-related stimuli differ from that of sex-related stimuli, and this difference was modulated by one's sexual attitude and passionate love.

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Trauma Experiences and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Prevalence in Rural Adolescents LI Ge, CAO Xing, WANG Li 2019, 17(3):  395-401.  Abstract ( )   PDF (542KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study was aimed to investigate the trauma experiences, the prevalence of PTSD based on DSM-5 criteria, and the relationships between PTSD and demographics and traumatic events. A sample of 1781 middle school students living in rural areas was assessed by the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for Children/Adolescents and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5. The results revealed that 60% of participants experienced at least one traumatic event. The most frequent traumatic event was the death of someone close to you (42.6%). The caseness rate of PTSD among trauma-exposed participants was 9.7%. Male sex, being the only child, and parental labor migration were associated with PTSD diagnosis. The most likely trauma trigger for PTSD was experiencing/witnessing domestic violence. This study provided an presentation of the current status of rural adolescents' trauma-related mental health, and primarily identified some risk factors for PTSD in this population, which would contribute to the timely and efficient screening and intervention for vulnerable individuals in clinical practice.

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The Relationship Between Trait Anxiety and Procrastination of College Students: A Moderated Mediating Effect GENG Jingyu, HOU Xiao, YANG Huayong, HAN Piguo, GAO Fengqiang, HAN Lei 2019, 17(3):  402-407.  Abstract ( )   PDF (643KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study examined whether time management disposition mediated the relationship between trait anxiety and procrastination, and whether this mediating effect was moderated by self-monitoring. 555 college students (mean age=19.94 years,SD=0.97) from one university in Jinan completed four anonymous questionnaires, namely State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Aitken Procrastination Inventory, Self-Monitoring Scale and Adolescence Time Management Disposition Inventory. The results showed that:1) Trait anxiety positively predicted to procrastination among college students; 2) Time management disposition played a partial mediating role in the association of trait anxiety and procrastination among college students; 3) The mediating effect of time management disposition was moderated by self-monitoring among college students. Specifically, with self-monitoring increasing, the negative relation of time management disposition and procrastination and the mediating effect of time management disposition were increasing.

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The Impact of Differential Leadership on Employee Voice Behavior: A Multiple Mediation Model of Organizational Commitment and Perceived Insider Status LI Xiaoyu, ZHAO Shenran, GAO Ang, GAO Dongdong 2019, 17(3):  408-414,432.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1015KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Differential leadership is a kind of leadership theory based on Chinese culture background. It is widely attracting attention because it is closer to the Chinese organizational situation and have cultural adaptability. This research got 511 valid questionnaires and explored the impact of differential leadership on employee voice behavior. The results showed that the differential leadership has a positive impact on voice behavior. Organizational commitment and perceived insider status play the partial mediated role between differential leadership and voice behavior. When considering organizational commitment and perceived insider status at the same time, they play the completely mediated role between differential leadership and voice behavior, furthermore, the mediating effect of organizational commitment and perceived insider status was not significant differences.

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The Impact of Conflict of Interest on the Proposed Adoption of Different Cognitive Style Decision-Makers WANG Huandi, CHEN Shiping 2019, 17(3):  415-421.  Abstract ( )   PDF (709KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In order to explore the impact of conflicts of interest and advice bias on the degree of recommendation of different cognitive style decision-makers.This study used a mixed-design, specifically, 2 situations (conflict of interest/no-conflict of interest)×2 cognitive styles (field dependence (FD)/field independence (FI))×3 advice (50%/90%/95%). The sample are 34(FD) and 43(FI) students. The results found that:The recommendation adoption of FD individuals is significantly higher than that of FI individuals; The degree of adoption of non-interest conflict groups is significantly higher than that of conflict interest groups, and the interaction of interest conflicts and cognitive styles is significant. The weight giving to the advice is different when decision-makers receive different advice. It shows that The weight of advice of FD individuals will be affected by the bias of advice and situations(whether there is a conflict of interest between advisors and decision-makers), while FI individuals will not consider the factors of conflict of interest in the process of advice-taking process. It also showed the bias of advice is greater than 90%, before the decision-makers find that advice is not reliable. Finally, we also find the credibility of advice mediate the relationship of conflict of interest and the weight of advice.

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The Mechanism of Individual Career Management on Organizational Commitment: The Chain Mediating Effect and Moderating Effect ZHANG Jianwei, ZHOU Jie, LI Haihong, WANG Jian 2019, 17(3):  422-432.  Abstract ( )   PDF (885KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Under the background of deepening the talent development strategy of civil-military integration, improving organizational commitment of military talents has been a common issue for army and local university to collaboratively cultivate military talents. To examine the mechanism of individual career management on organizational commitment, we surveyed 3603 undergraduate reserve officers from 16 universities with questionnaires. Results showed that:Individual career management positively predicted organizational commitment, career competency and cultivation satisfaction had a single and chain mediation effect between individual career management and organizational commitment. Instrumental support positively moderated the relationship between individual career management and career competency, and both instrumental support and emotional support positively moderated the relationship between individual career management and cultivation satisfaction respectively.