执行功能对个体情绪调节策略使用倾向和调节效果的影响

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.03.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探讨执行功能对情绪调节的作用，通过两个研究分析执行功能对情绪调节策略使用倾向和情绪调节效果的影响。研究1以100名大学生为被试，采用执行功能任务和情绪调节策略问卷考察执行功能与情绪调节策略使用倾向之间的关系；研究2招募了40名大学生被试，采用执行功能任务和情绪调节任务考察执行功能对情绪调节效果的影响，依据执行功能总分对被试进行分组，分析前33%高执行功能被试和后33%低执行功能被试在情绪调节效果上是否存在差异。结果发现，执行功能越低的个体越倾向于选择使用表达抑制策略，执行功能越高的个体使用认知重评策略进行情绪调节的效果更好。

关键词: 执行功能, 情绪调节, 认知重评, 表达抑制

Abstract: In order to explore the role of executive function in emotion regulation, two studies were conducted to explore the influence of executive function on emotion regulation strategy use tendency and the emotion regulation effect. In Study 1, executive function tasks and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were used to investigate the relationship between executive function and the use tendency of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. In Study 2, executive function tasks and emotion regulation task were used to investigate the influence of executive function on the effect of emotion regulation. The results indicate that the participants with lower executive function have the tendency to choose expressive suppression, and the participants with high executive function can regulate emotion more effectively.

Key words: executive function, emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression

中图分类号:

B849

刘芳, 霍瑞, 韩铖铖, 王美沂, 杨海波. 执行功能对个体情绪调节策略使用倾向和调节效果的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(3): 382-389.

LIU Fang, HUO Rui, HAN Chengcheng, WANG Meiyi, YANG Haibo. The Influence of Executive Function on Emotion Regulation Strategy Use Tendency and Emotion Regulation Effect[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(3): 382-389.

参考文献

李泉. (2019). 执行功能对幼儿情绪胜任力发展的影响及其神经机制研究(博士学位论文). 西南大学, 重庆,
刘启刚. (2011). 青少年情绪调节策略与情绪调节能力的关系研究. 心理研究, 4(6), 37–43, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1159.2011.06.007
彭婉晴, 罗帏, 周仁来. (2019). 工作记忆刷新训练改善抑郁倾向大学生情绪调节能力的HRV证据. 心理学报, 51(6), 648–661
齐玥, 杨国春, 付迪, 李政汉, 刘勋. (2021). 认知控制发展神经科学: 未来路径与布局. 中国科学: 生命科学, 51(6), 634–646
孙岩, 薄思雨, 吕娇娇. (2020). 认知重评和表达抑制情绪调节策略的脑网络分析: 来自EEG和ERP的证据. 心理学报, 52(1), 12–25
王力, 柳恒超, 李中权, 杜卫. (2007). 情绪调节问卷中文版的信效度研究. 中国健康心理学杂志, 15(6), 503–505, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-1252.2007.06.034
Banich, M. T., Mackiewicz, K. L., Depue, B. E., Whitmer, A. J., Miller, G. A., & Heller, W. (2009). Cognitive control mechanisms, emotion and memory: A neural perspective with implications for psychopathology. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 33(5), 613–630.
Barnhofer, T., Reess, T. J., Fissler, M., Winnebeck, E., Grimm, S., G?rtner, M., … H?lzel, B. K. (2021). Effects of mindfulness training on emotion regulation in patients with depression: Reduced dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation indexes early beneficial changes. Psychosomatic Medicine, 83(6), 579–591, doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000955.
Demeyer, I., De Lissnyder, E., Koster, E. H. W., & De Raedt, R. (2012). Rumination mediates the relationship between impaired cognitive control for emotional information and depressive symptoms: A prospective study in remitted depressed adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(5), 292–297, doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2012.02.012.
Dixon, M. L., Thiruchselvam, R., Todd, R., & Christoff, K. (2017). Emotion and the prefrontal cortex: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 143(10), 1033–1081, doi: 10.1037/bul0000096.
Franchow, E. I., & Suchy, Y. (2015). Naturally-occurring expressive suppression in daily life depletes executive functioning. Emotion, 15(1), 78–89, doi: 10.1037/emo0000013.
Gazzaley, A., & D’Esposito, M. (2007). Unifying prefrontal cortex function: Executive control, neural networks, and top-down modulation. In B. L. Miller & J. L. Cummings (Eds.), The human frontal lobes: Functions and disorders (pp. 187–206). New York: The Guilford Press.
Geisler, F. C. M., & Schr?der-Abé, M. (2015). Is emotion suppression beneficial or harmful? It depends on self-regulatory strength. Motivation and Emotion, 39(4), 553–562, doi: 10.1007/s11031-014-9467-5.
Goldin, P. R., McRae, K., Ramel, W., & Gross, J. J. (2008). The neural bases of emotion regulation: Reappraisal and suppression of negative emotion. Biological Psychiatry, 63(6), 577–586, doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.031.
Gross, J. J. (1998). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), 224–237, doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.224.
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348–362, doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348.
Guo, X. Y., Li, Y. Y., Zhang, Q., Cui, L. X., & Wei, P. (2018). Weakening of recognition memory caused by task-irrelevant emotional encoding context can be modulated by individuals’ inhibitory control. Personality and Individual Differences, 134, 201–209. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.06.012
Gyurak, A., Goodkind, M. S., Kramer, J. H., Miller, B. L., & Levenson, R. W. (2012). Executive functions and the down-regulation and up-regulation of emotion. Cognition & Emotion, 26(1), 103–118.
Hajcak, G., MacNamara, A., & Olvet, D. M. (2010). Event-related potentials, emotion, and emotion regulation: An integrative review. Developmental Neuropsychology, 35(2), 129–155, doi: 10.1080/87565640903526504.
Hendricks, M. A., & Buchanan, T. W. (2016). Individual differences in cognitive control processes and their relationship to emotion regulation. Cognition and Emotion, 30(5), 912–924, doi: 10.1080/02699931.2015.1032893.
Hoorelbeke, K., Koster, E. H. W., Vanderhasselt, M. A., Callewaert, S., & Demeyer, I. (2015). The influence of cognitive control training on stress reactivity and rumination in response to a lab stressor and naturalistic stress. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 69, 1–10, doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2015.03.010.
Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2010). Emotion regulation in depression: Relation to cognitive inhibition. Cognition & Emotion, 24(2), 281–298.
Lantrip, C., Isquith, P. K., Koven, N. S., Welsh, K., & Roth, R. M. (2016). Executive function and emotion regulation strategy use in adolescents. Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 5(1), 50–55, doi: 10.1080/21622965.2014.960567.
Long, Q. S., Hu, N., Li, H. X., Zhang, Y., Yuan, J. J., & Chen, A. T. (2020). Suggestion of cognitive enhancement improves emotion regulation. Emotion, 20(5), 866–873, doi: 10.1037/emo0000629.
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), 49–100, doi: 10.1006/cogp.1999.0734.
Ochsner, K., & Gross, J. (2005). The cognitive control of emotion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(5), 242–249, doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2005.03.010.
Opitz, P. C., Lee, I. A., Gross, J. J., & Urry, H. L. (2014). Fluid cognitive ability is a resource for successful emotion regulation in older and younger adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 609.
Perner, J., & Lang, B. (1999). Development of theory of mind and executive control. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3(9), 337–344, doi: 10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01362-5.
Predescu, E., Sipos, R., Costescu, C. A., Ciocan, A., & Rus, D. I. (2020). Executive functions and emotion regulation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and borderline intellectual disability. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(4), 986, doi: 10.3390/jcm9040986.
Schmeichel, B. J. (2007). Attention control, memory updating, and emotion regulation temporarily reduce the capacity for executive control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 136(2), 241–255, doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.136.2.241.
Schmeichel, B. J., Volokhov, R. N., & Demaree, H. A. (2008). Working memory capacity and the self-regulation of emotional expression and experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(6), 1526–1540, doi: 10.1037/a0013345.
Sperduti, M., Makowski, D., Arcangeli, M., Wantzen, P., Zalla, T., Lemaire, S., … Piolino, P. (2017). The distinctive role of executive functions in implicit emotion regulation. Acta Psychologica, 173, 13–20, doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2016.12.001.
Stawski, R. S., Almeida, D. M., Lachman, M. E., Tun, P. A., & Rosnick, C. B. (2010). Fluid cognitive ability is associated with greater exposure and smaller reactions to daily stressors. Psychology and Aging, 25(2), 330–342, doi: 10.1037/a0018246.
Tang, D., & Schmeichel, B. J. (2014). Stopping anger and anxiety: Evidence that inhibitory ability predicts negative emotional responding. Cognition and Emotion, 28(1), 132–142, doi: 10.1080/02699931.2013.799459.
Urry, H. L., & Gross, J. J. (2010). Emotion regulation in older age. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(6), 352–357, doi: 10.1177/0963721410388395.
Wager, T. D., Davidson, M. L., Hughes, B. L., Lindquist, M. A., & Ochsner, K. N. (2008). Prefrontal-subcortical pathways mediating successful emotion regulation. Neuron, 59(6), 1037–1050, doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.09.006.
Yu, L. L., Long, Q. S., Tang, Y. C., Yin, S. H., Chen, Z. J., Zhu, C. Z., & Chen, A. T. (2021). Improving emotion regulation through real-time neurofeedback training on the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: Evidence from behavioral and brain network analyses. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 15, 620342, doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.620342.
Zelazo, P. D., & Cunningham, W. A. (2007). Executive function: Mechanisms underlying emotion regulation. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 135–158). New York: The Guilford Press.

[1]	孙红梅, 孙小越, 郝雨. 挫折情境下自我肯定对执行功能的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(5): 615-621.
[2]	于腾旭, 刘文, 刘方. 心理虐待与儿童快感缺失的关系：认知重评的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(3): 361-367.
[3]	孙云瑞, 韩映虹, 吕勇, 刘芳. 人格对幼儿白谎行为的影响：“冷”“热”执行功能的并行中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(2): 240-247.
[4]	陈佩儀, 陈瑜, 杨雪岭. 中庸思维对大学生抑郁症状的影响机制：消极认知情绪调节策略的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(4): 571-576.
[5]	张莉. 儿童执行功能与早期学业能力的关系：学习品质的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(1): 52-58.
[6]	黄琪, 辛自强, 安媛媛, 赵悦. 公安民警的创伤后应激症状对执行功能的影响—基于Stroop范式的探究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(2): 281-288.
[7]	刘艳, 朱智, 马谐. 双语经验对执行功能的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(4): 452-460.
[8]	李泉, 廖丽莉, 廉彬, 冯廷勇. 执行功能对4岁幼儿情绪胜任力的影响：语言的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(3): 340-347.
[9]	齐冰, 杨丽珠, 姚屹北. 不同情绪诱发下的情绪调节策略对初中生教育材料记忆的影响研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(2): 202-208.
[10]	刘仕凡, 连榕, 李涓, 连坤予. 教学情境对教师自动情绪调节的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(2): 209-215.
[11]	王道阳, 魏玮, 殷欣. 流动儿童自卑与学习自我效能感的关系：情绪调节策略的调节作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2019, 17(1): 48-55.
[12]	姜媛, 张力为, 毛志雄. 体育锻炼与心理健康：情绪调节自我效能感与情绪调节策略的作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2018, 16(4): 570-576.
[13]	鲍婧, 傅纳. 具身的情绪调节：面部表情对内隐情绪的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2018, 16(2): 180-187.
[14]	梁三才, 吴海梅. 情绪调节自我效能感在神经质、尽责性与心盛之间的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2017, 15(5): 709-713.
[15]	张卓,王强龙,黄秀,杨波. 精神病态暴力犯执行功能的缺陷^*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2016, 14(2): 256-263.