Please wait a minute...

过刊目录

    2004年, 第2卷, 第3期
    刊出日期:2004-09-20
    上一期    下一期

    论文
    全选选: 隐藏/显示图片
    论文
    Eye Movements, Cognitive Processes, and Reading
    Keith Rayner
    2004, 2(3):  482-488. 
    摘要 ( )   PDF(184KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标
    In this article, I briefly review research on the size of the perceptual span in reading and on lexical effects on fixation times in reading. For readers of English, the perceptual span extends from the beginning of the currently fixated word(but no more than 3~4 letters to the left of fixation)to about 14~15 letters to the right of fixation. For readers of Chinese, the span extends about 1 character to the left of fixation to about 3 characters to the right. For readers of English, variables like frequency and predictability have strong influences on how long the eyes remain fixated on a word. We know far less about which variables most influence fixation times for Chinese. Finally, the E-Z Reader model can account for lots of eye movement data for readers of English. The issue of whether E-Z Reader could account for the eye movement data of readers of Chinese is discussed.
    Future Directions for Eye Movement Research
    Keith Rayner
    2004, 2(3):  489-496. 
    摘要 ( )   PDF(211KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标
    It is argued that research on eye movements has now entered a fourth general era. Each of the four eras is briefly reviewed, and research findings related to eye movements during reading, scene perception, and visual search are discussed. Future directions for research in each of these areas and research in other domains involving eye movements are also discussed.
    What Eye Movements Tell About Identifying Compound Words in Reading and Top-Down Effects in Reading Long Texts
    Jukka Hyönä
    2004, 2(3):  497-504. 
    摘要 ( )   PDF(188KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标
    Two lines of research on eye movements in reading are summarized. One line of research examines how adult readers identify compound words during reading. The other line of research deals with how a specific reading goal influences the way long expository texts are read. Both lines of research are conducted using Finnish as the source language. With respect to the first research question, it is demonstrated that compound words are recognized either holistically or via their components, depending on the length of the compound word. Readers begin to process whatever information is readily available in the foveal vision(i.e., either the whole-word form or the initial component). The second line of research demonstrates that(1)a specific reading goal is capable of exerting an early effect on readers' eye fixation patterns,(2)time course analyses based on eye movement patterns can reveal interesting individual differences, and(3)working memory capacity is linked to the efficiency to strategically allocate attention as well as to encode information to and retrieve it from the long-term memory. It is concluded that the eye-tracking technique is an excellent research tool to tap into the workings of the human mind during the comprehension of written texts.
    Reading Text Under Normal and Disappearing Presentation Conditions
    Simon P. Liversedge
    2004, 2(3):  505-512. 
    摘要 ( )   PDF(401KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标
    In this article I discuss data from a series of experiments in which readers' eye movements were recorded as they processed sentences in which each word disappeared or was masked 60ms after fixation onset. We used this paradigm to investigate whether we could induce a gap effect during reading, and how visual and linguistic factors affected eye movements under these conditions. The data showed that no gap effect occurred in our experiment. Overall reading times were the same under normal and disappearing presentation conditions. However, readers did adopt a strategy of making fewer but longer fixations when the text disappeared than when it did not. Additionally, clear frequency effects occurred regardless of whether the text was presented normally or disappeared. This finding indicates that while the visual uptake of information is important, cognitive processes associated with the lexical identification of words are a primary influence on when readers move their eyes during reading. The findings are taken to support the E-Z Reader model of eye movement control.
    珠心算过程的眼动和认知研究
    尹文刚,舒华,蒋志峰,吴迪
    2004, 2(3):  513-518. 
    摘要 ( )   PDF(649KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标
    本实验采用眼动技术和实验神经心理学的方法对珠心算的认知过程进行了实验研究。研究发现,在竖式运算时,接受过珠心算训练的儿童与没有接受过珠心算训练的儿童相比其眼动轨迹显著不同;神经心理实验的结果表明,训练组儿童在数学运算能力、数字记忆空间、注意力、大脑功能偏侧化等方面均与非训练组儿童有显著差别。
    工作记忆、表达方式和同质性对线性三段论推理影响的眼动研究
    白学军,张兴利,史瑞萍
    2004, 2(3):  519-523. 
    摘要 ( )   PDF(485KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标
    采用眼动记录法,探讨了工作记忆、两个前提间的关系以及表达方式对线性三段论推理的影响。本实验采用2(表达方式:肯定、否定)×2(前提间的关系:同质、不同质)×2(工作记忆容量:高、低)的混合设计。通过分析总注视时间、第一次注视时间、第二次注视时间和回视,发现线性三段论推理过程既有语言加工的参与又有表象加工的参与。推理过程中的语言表征过程和空间关系的建立都受到工作记忆容量的影响,被试的工作记忆容量越高,就越容易建立语言表征和空间的关系。
    工作记忆与汉语歧义句加工的眼动研究
    阎国利,田宏杰,白学军
    2004, 2(3):  524-528. 
    摘要 ( )   PDF(414KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标
    以符合“VP+N1+的+N2”格式的述宾型歧义短语组成的句子为材料,采用2×2的混合设计,即2(工作记忆广度:高、低)×2(续接方式:偏正、述宾),采用眼动记录法,考察被试对歧义短语的语义加工过程。结果发现:(1)在无前语境的暂时句法歧义句中,不同的续接方式在句子的最初加工过程中的作用不显著,而在最终的理解过程中作用显著。(2)工作记忆高有利于句子的理解,但对歧义短语的两种意思的提取和保持的作用不显著。
    阅读不同颜色中、英文时的眼动特征
    关尔群,韩玉昌,隋雪
    2004, 2(3):  529-533. 
    摘要 ( )   PDF(452KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标
    采用眼动实验方法,对20名大学生阅读不同颜色中、英文材料时的眼动特征进行考察。结果发现:(1)颜色对中、英文阅读成绩影响趋势一致,红色成绩最好,黄色最差;(2)颜色对被试阅读眼动指标影响差异显著:注视次数上,红色和黑色最多;注视时间上,红色最短;眼跳距离上,黄色最长;注视频率上,黄色最低。
    专家与新手篮球后卫运动员的眼动研究
    张运亮,李宗浩,孙延林,杨晓晨,阎国利
    2004, 2(3):  534-538. 
    摘要 ( )   PDF(463KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标
    采用ASL504型眼动仪对后卫位置专家组和新手组青年男子篮球运动员在注视篮球比赛实景图片时的眼动特征进行研究。研究结果发现,专家组和新手组篮球后卫运动员具有不同的信息加工效率。在注视篮球比赛实景图片时,不同组别的篮球后卫运动员具有不同的注视分配和不同的注视模式。
    类别指称对象提取过程的眼动研究
    张兴利,白学军,阎国利
    2004, 2(3):  539-544. 
    摘要 ( )   PDF(538KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标
    采用眼动记录法,探讨了语篇理解中类别指称对象的可提取性。实验采用3(实验材料:指称对象、非指称对象、特别控制条件)×2(兴趣区:兴趣区1、兴趣区2)×2(工作记忆容量:高、低)3因素混合设计。通过分析第一次注视时间、总的阅读时间和回视次数等眼动指标发现,类别指称对象提取过程中包含激活和抑制两种过程。被试在阅读完上指示表达之后,立即激活了可能的指称对象,但是对非指称对象的抑制却发生在后来的整合过程中;高工作记忆容量的被试能更有效地抑制非指称对象,更容易形成语篇的完整表征,有效提取类别指称对象。
    阅读中疲劳、心理负荷因素对瞳孔大小的调节作用
    李勇,阴国恩,陈燕丽
    2004, 2(3):  545-548. 
    摘要 ( )   PDF(446KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标
    以大学生为被试,探讨文本阅读过程中,疲劳和心理负荷因素对瞳孔大小的调节作用。实验一主要检验文本阅读中的疲劳效应;实验二分析不同文本加工水平者的瞳孔变化差异,以探讨疲劳和心理加工对瞳孔变化的作用。结果表明:在文本阅读中,疲劳会使瞳孔缩小,心理负荷增大会使瞳孔放大,一定的心理负荷可以起到维持瞳孔大小不变的作用;疲劳和心理负荷因素对瞳孔大小的调节存在颉颃效应。
    文章标记对阅读信息保持的影响及其作用机制的研究
    王蓉,阎国利,白学军
    2004, 2(3):  549-554. 
    摘要 ( )   PDF(607KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标
    通过3个实验,探讨了文章标记对阅读信息保持的影响及其作用机制。结果发现,标记有利于读者对文章信息的保持;随着年级的增长,读者利用文章标记建构文章表征的能力不断提高;文章标记对文章信息保持的促进作用存在选择性加工,通过延时加工测量技术和眼动分析技术证实了策略转化假设的合理性。
    眼动分析与运动心理学研究
    席洁,王巧玲,阎国利
    2004, 2(3):  555-560. 
    摘要 ( )   PDF(574KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标
    通过眼动分析可以比较深入地考察运动员在比赛中的心理活动过程,并且可以比较专家和新手的差异。该文对国内外的运动心理学的眼动研究进行了较为全面的回顾,同时对这个领域的研究现状和发展趋势进行了评述与展望。